Intrathecal midazolam added to bupivacaine improves the duration and quality of spinal anaesthesia

Background:  The antinociceptive action of intrathecal midazolam is well documented. In this prospective study, we investigated the addition of midazolam to intrathecal bupivacaine on the duration and quality of spinal blockade.

[1]  P. Lavand'homme,et al.  Intrathecal Ropivacaine and Clonidine for Ambulatory Knee Arthroscopy: A Dose–Response Study , 2001, Anesthesiology.

[2]  K. Jain,et al.  Addition of intrathecal midazolam to bupivacaine produces better post-operative analgesia without prolonging recovery. , 1999, International journal of clinical pharmacology and therapeutics.

[3]  K. Hanaoka,et al.  Acute phase histopathological study of spinally administered midazolam in cats. , 1999, Anesthesia and analgesia.

[4]  S. Erdine,et al.  Neurotoxicity of midazolam in the rabbit , 1999, Pain.

[5]  S. Liu,et al.  Dose-response effects of spinal neostigmine added to bupivacaine spinal anesthesia in volunteers. , 1999, Anesthesiology.

[6]  M. Serpell,et al.  Intrathecal Anesthesia With Ketamine , 1997, Regional Anesthesia & Pain Medicine.

[7]  C. Goodchild,et al.  Antinociception by intrathecal midazolam involves endogenous neurotransmitters acting at spinal cord delta opioid receptors. , 1996, British journal of anaesthesia.

[8]  G. Lyons,et al.  The effect of intrathecal midazolam on post-operative pain. , 1996, European journal of anaesthesiology.

[9]  J. Eisenach,et al.  Alpha sub 2 -Adrenergic Agonists for Regional Anesthesia: A Clinical Review of Clonidine (1984 - 1995) , 1996, Anesthesiology.

[10]  H. Krijnen,et al.  Long-term intrathecal administration of midazolam and clonidine. , 1996, The Clinical journal of pain.

[11]  M. Chaney Side effects of intrathecal and epidural opioids , 1995, Canadian journal of anaesthesia = Journal canadien d'anesthesie.

[12]  J. Westman,et al.  Chronic Subarachnoid Midazolam (Dormicum) in the Rat: Morphologic Evidence of Spinal Cord Neurotoxicity , 1995, Regional anesthesia and pain medicine.

[13]  F. Vidal,et al.  Difficult management of pain following sacrococcygeal chordoma: 13 months of subarachnoid infusion , 1994, Pain.

[14]  A. Forster,et al.  Intrathecal midazolam reduces isoflurane MAC and increases the apnoeic threshold in rats , 1994, Canadian journal of anaesthesia = Journal canadien d'anesthesie.

[15]  D. Toftdahl,et al.  Direct spinal effect of intrathecal and extradural midazolam on visceral noxious stimulation in rabbits. , 1993, British journal of anaesthesia.

[16]  S. Morley,et al.  Intrathecal midazolam for the treatment of chronic mechanical low back pain: a controlled comparison with epidural steroid in a pilot study , 1992, Pain.

[17]  J. Taxi,et al.  Subarachnoid Midazolam: Histologic Study in Rats and Report of Its Effect on Chronic Pain in Humans , 1991, Regional Anesthesia & Pain Medicine.

[18]  M. Pinaud,et al.  Ketamine and midazolam neurotoxicity in the rabbit. , 1991, Anesthesiology.

[19]  C. Goodchild,et al.  On the mechanism by which midazolam causes spinally mediated analgesia. , 1990, Anesthesiology.

[20]  C. Goodchild,et al.  The effects of intrathecal midazolam on sympathetic nervous system reflexes in man--a pilot study. , 1987, British journal of clinical pharmacology.

[21]  M. H. Kim,et al.  Intrathecal midazolam increases the analgesic effects of spinal blockade with bupivacaine in patients undergoing haemorrhoidectomy. , 2001, British journal of anaesthesia.

[22]  K. Hanaoka,et al.  In vitro changes in the transparency and pH of cerebrospinal fluid caused by adding midazolam. , 1998, European journal of anaesthesiology.

[23]  A. Hirasaki,et al.  [Epidural midazolam with saline--optimal dose for postoperative pain]. , 1992, Masui. The Japanese journal of anesthesiology.