Spanish Content on Hospital Websites: An Analysis of U.S. Hospitals' in Concentrated Latino Communities

This study explores the nature and extent of Spanish language translation of hospital websites. A quantitative content analysis of 121 U.S. hospital websites located in Hispanic communities was conducted. Results indicate that a significant number of U.S. hospitals fail on their websites to offer equal content for Spanish language users. The study also examines several factors potentially associated with the incidence of website translation. First, organizational factors such as hospital size, ownership type and formal statements of diversity commitment are investigated. Second, demographic factors such as county population size and Hispanic population size are also considered. Hispanics' use of the Internet, the digital divide, culture's impact on Internet use, and eHealth provide a background for discussion of the findings.

[1]  Farzad Mostashari,et al.  A tale of two large community electronic health record extension projects. , 2009, Health affairs.

[2]  Amanda Lenhart,et al.  Adults and social network websites , 2009 .

[3]  Joo-Young Jung Internet Connectedness and its Social Origins: An Ecological Approach to Postaccess Digital Divides , 2008 .

[4]  Mohan Jyoti Dutta,et al.  Understanding Health Literacy for Strategic Health Marketing: eHealth Literacy, Health Disparities, and the Digital Divide , 2008, Health marketing quarterly.

[5]  Stephen A. Rains Health at High Speed , 2008, Commun. Res..

[6]  N. Peña-Purcell,et al.  Hispanics' use of Internet health information: an exploratory study. , 2008, Journal of the Medical Library Association : JMLA.

[7]  Andrew L. Mendelson,et al.  Public life and the internet: if you build a better website, will citizens become engaged? , 2008, New Media Soc..

[8]  Linda A. Macaulay,et al.  The digital divide and the theory of optimal slack , 2008, New Media Soc..

[9]  Leslie C Carlson Use, Misuse, and Abuse of Content Analysis for Research on the Consumer Interest , 2008 .

[10]  James E. Prieger,et al.  The Broadband Digital Divide and the Nexus of Race, Competition, and Quality , 2007, Inf. Econ. Policy.

[11]  M. C. Gibbons An Overview of Healthcare Disparities , 2008 .

[12]  Ophelia T. Morey Digital Disparities , 2007 .

[13]  M. Paasche-Orlow,et al.  Health Literacy, Health Inequality and a Just Healthcare System , 2007, The American journal of bioethics : AJOB.

[14]  Eszter Hargittai,et al.  Whose Space? Differences Among Users and Non-Users of Social Network Sites , 2007, J. Comput. Mediat. Commun..

[15]  M. Warren The digital vicious cycle: Links between social disadvantage and digital exclusion in rural areas , 2007 .

[16]  Jan H. Spyridakis,et al.  Content Analysis as a Best Practice in Technical Communication Research , 2007 .

[17]  M. Raizada,et al.  Language Preferences on Websites and in Google Searches for Human Health and Food Information , 2007, Journal of medical Internet research.

[18]  P. Cheong Health Communication Resources for Uninsured and Insured Hispanics , 2007, Health communication.

[19]  Susannah Fox,et al.  Latinos Online: Hispanics with Lower Levels of Education and English Proficiency Remain Largely Disconnected from the Internet. , 2007 .

[20]  M. Goldner,et al.  HOW HEALTH STATUS IMPACTS THE TYPES OF INFORMATION CONSUMERS SEEK ONLINE , 2006 .

[21]  H. Thaler,et al.  Changes in critical care beds and occupancy in the United States 1985–2000: Differences attributable to hospital size , 2006, Critical care medicine.

[22]  Cameron D. Norman,et al.  eHealth Literacy: Essential Skills for Consumer Health in a Networked World , 2006, Journal of medical Internet research.

[23]  Zack Martin Web site helps drive bottom line. In-depth medical content helps hospital increase online traffic and patient volume. , 2006, Health data management.

[24]  Daniel P. Lorence,et al.  Racial disparities in health information access: resilience of the digital divide , 2006, Journal of Medical Systems.

[25]  David H Gustafson,et al.  Reducing the Digital Divide for Low-income Women With Breast Cancer: A Feasibility Study of a Population-Based Intervention , 2005, Journal of health communication.

[26]  André Brock,et al.  "A Belief in Humanity is a Belief in Colored Men: " Using Culture to Span the Digital Divide , 2005, J. Comput. Mediat. Commun..

[27]  M. C. Gibbons A Historical Overview of Health Disparities and the Potential of eHealth Solutions , 2005, Journal of medical Internet research.

[28]  Gary L. Kreps,et al.  Disseminating relevant health information to underserved audiences: implications of the Digital Divide Pilot Projects. , 2005, Journal of the Medical Library Association : JMLA.

[29]  Mark E Frisse,et al.  State and community-based efforts to foster interoperability. , 2005, Health affairs.

[30]  Flis Henwood,et al.  The digital divide, health information and everyday life , 2005, New Media Soc..

[31]  M. Salwen,et al.  Communication Technology Adoption and Ethnicity , 2005 .

[32]  E. Warren,et al.  Beyond Hospital Misbehavior: An Alternative Account of Medical-Related Financial Distress , 2005 .

[33]  A. Cardelle,et al.  The Quality of Spanish Health Information Websites , 2005 .

[34]  Gary L. Kreps,et al.  Bridging the digital divide: reaching vulnerable populations. , 2004, Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association : JAMIA.

[35]  David Campbell,et al.  Answering allegations: the use of the corporate website for restorative ethical and social disclosure , 2004 .

[36]  N. Lurie,et al.  The role of culturally competent communication in reducing ethnic and racial healthcare disparities. , 2004, The American journal of managed care.

[37]  H. Raghav Rao,et al.  E-health and assurance: curing hospital websites , 2004, Int. J. Electron. Heal..

[38]  P. O. Fulda,et al.  Consumer health information provided by library and hospital Websites in the South Central Region. , 2004, Journal of the Medical Library Association : JMLA.

[39]  Stella M. Yu Healthy People 2010 , 1998, Maternal and Child Health Journal.

[40]  L. Baker,et al.  Use of the Internet and e-mail for health care information: results from a national survey. , 2003, JAMA.

[41]  Detmar W. Straub,et al.  Trust and TAM in Online Shopping: An Integrated Model , 2003, MIS Q..

[42]  Thomas K Houston,et al.  Unmet Needs of Primary Care Patients in Using the Internet for Health-related Activities , 2002, Journal of medical Internet research.

[43]  K. Hacker,et al.  The Digital Divide for Hispanic Americans , 2002, Howard Journal of Communication.

[44]  Andrew Pleasant,et al.  Unweaving the Web: An Exploratory Study of Low-Literate Adults' Navigation Skills on the World Wide Web , 2002, Journal of health communication.

[45]  R. Kravitz,et al.  Health information on the Internet: accessibility, quality, and readability in English and Spanish. , 2001, JAMA.

[46]  Gunther Eysenbach,et al.  Consumer health informatics , 2000, BMJ : British Medical Journal.

[47]  Matthew B. Miles,et al.  Qualitative Data Analysis: An Expanded Sourcebook , 1994 .

[48]  T. Clemmer,et al.  Descriptive analysis of critical care units in the United States , 1992, Critical care medicine.

[49]  M. Patton Qualitative research and evaluation methods , 1980 .