Optical blood pressure estimation with photoplethysmography and FFT-based neural networks.

We introduce and validate a beat-to-beat optical blood pressure (BP) estimation paradigm using only photoplethysmogram (PPG) signal from finger tips. The scheme determines subject-specific contribution to PPG signal and removes most of its influence by proper normalization. Key features such as amplitudes and phases of cardiac components were extracted by a fast Fourier transform and were used to train an artificial neural network, which was then used to estimate BP from PPG. Validation was done on 69 patients from the MIMIC II database plus 23 volunteers. All estimations showed a good correlation with the reference values. This method is fast and robust, and can potentially be used to perform pulse wave analysis in addition to BP estimation.

[1]  G Parati,et al.  Blood pressure measuring devices: recommendations of the European Society of Hypertension , 2001, BMJ : British Medical Journal.

[2]  Bryan Williams,et al.  Development and validation of a novel method to derive central aortic systolic pressure from the radial pressure waveform using an n-point moving average method. , 2011, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[3]  Y. Tardy,et al.  Conduit artery compliance and distensibility are not necessarily reduced in hypertension. , 1992, Hypertension.

[4]  M. Elgendi.  On the Analysis of Fingertip Photoplethysmogram Signals , 2012, Current cardiology reviews.

[5]  Q Li,et al.  Dynamic time warping and machine learning for signal quality assessment of pulsatile signals , 2012, Physiological measurement.

[6]  Jeffrey M. Hausdorff,et al.  Physionet: Components of a New Research Resource for Complex Physiologic Signals". Circu-lation Vol , 2000 .

[7]  Takuo Aoyagi,et al.  Pulse oximetry: its invention, theory, and future , 2003, Journal of Anesthesia.

[8]  Denis Chemla,et al.  Noninvasive assessment of arterial pressure , 2008, Current opinion in critical care.

[9]  P. R. Fleming,et al.  THE MECHANISM OF THE PULSUS BISFERIENS , 1957, British heart journal.

[10]  K. Shelley.  Photoplethysmography: Beyond the Calculation of Arterial Oxygen Saturation and Heart Rate , 2007, Anesthesia and analgesia.

[11]  Lysle H. Peterson,et al.  Mechanical Properties of Arteries in Vivo , 1960 .

[12]  Yutaka Imai,et al.  European Society of Hypertension recommendations for conventional, ambulatory and home blood pressure measurement , 2003, Journal of hypertension.

[13]  R. Collins,et al.  Age-specific relevance of usual blood pressure to vascular mortality: a meta-analysis of individual data for one million adults in 61 prospective studies , 2002, The Lancet.

[14]  Daniel W. Jones,et al.  Seventh report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure. , 2003, Hypertension.

[15]  L. Geddes,et al.  Measurements of Young's Modulus of Elasticity of the Canine Aorta with Ultrasound , 1979 .

[16]  C. H. Chen,et al.  Estimation of central aortic pressure waveform by mathematical transformation of radial tonometry pressure. Validation of generalized transfer function. , 1997, Circulation.

[17]  K. Wesseling,et al.  Fifteen years experience with finger arterial pressure monitoring: assessment of the technology. , 1998, Cardiovascular research.

[18]  R. Light,et al.  Role of Home Blood Pressure Monitoring in Overcoming Therapeutic Inertia and Improving Hypertension Control: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis , 2011, Hypertension.

[19]  R. Cavallazzi,et al.  Dynamic changes in arterial waveform derived variables and fluid responsiveness in mechanically ventilated patients: A systematic review of the literature* , 2009, Critical care medicine.

[20]  L A Geddes,et al.  Pulse transit time as an indicator of arterial blood pressure. , 1981, Psychophysiology.

[21]  Survi Kyal,et al.  Toward Ubiquitous Blood Pressure Monitoring via Pulse Transit Time: Theory and Practice , 2015, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering.

[22]  Qiao Zhang,et al.  Noninvasive cuffless blood pressure estimation using pulse transit time and Hilbert-Huang transform , 2013, Comput. Electr. Eng..

[23]  R. Payne,et al.  Pulse transit time measured from the ECG: an unreliable marker of beat-to-beat blood pressure. , 2006, Journal of applied physiology.

[24]  B. Williams,et al.  Novel Description of the 24-Hour Circadian Rhythms of Brachial Versus Central Aortic Blood Pressure and the Impact of Blood Pressure Treatment in a Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial: The Ambulatory Central Aortic Pressure (AmCAP) Study , 2013, Hypertension.

[25]  Yuan-Ting Zhang,et al.  Continuous Cuffless Blood Pressure Estimation Using Pulse Transit Time and Photoplethysmogram Intensity Ratio , 2016, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering.

[26]  R. Busse,et al.  Pressure-diameter relationships of segments of human finger arteries. , 1986, Clinical physics and physiological measurement : an official journal of the Hospital Physicists' Association, Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Medizinische Physik and the European Federation of Organisations for Medical Physics.

[27]  Conor Heneghan,et al.  Towards Using Photo-Plethysmogram Amplitude to Measure Blood Pressure During Sleep , 2010, Annals of Biomedical Engineering.

[28]  P. Chowienczyk,et al.  Noninvasive Assessment of the Digital Volume Pulse: Comparison With the Peripheral Pressure Pulse , 2000, Hypertension.

[29]  Y. Shimada,et al.  Spectrophotometric monitoring of arterial oxygen saturation in the fingertip , 2006, Medical and Biological Engineering and Computing.

[30]  A. Murray,et al.  Modelling the relationship between peripheral blood pressure and blood volume pulses using linear and neural network system identification techniques , 1999, Physiological measurement.