Example Based Image Analysis and Synthesis

Image analysis and graphics synthesis can be achieved with learning techniques using directly image examples without physically-based, 3D models. In our technique: -- the mapping from novel images to a vector of ``pose'''' and ``expression'''' parameters can be learned from a small set of example images using a function approximation technique that we call an {\it analysis network}; -- the inverse mapping from input ``pose'''' and ``expression'''' parameters to output images can be synthesized from a small set of example images and used to produce new images using a similar {\it synthesis network}. The techniques described here have several applications in computer graphics, special effects, interactive multimedia and very low bandwidth teleconferencing.

[1]  Takeo Kanade,et al.  An Iterative Image Registration Technique with an Application to Stereo Vision , 1981, IJCAI.

[2]  Edward H. Adelson,et al.  The Laplacian Pyramid as a Compact Image Code , 1983, IEEE Trans. Commun..

[3]  Masaaki Oka,et al.  Real-time manipulation of texture-mapped surfaces , 1987, SIGGRAPH '87.

[4]  S. Ullman Aligning pictorial descriptions: An approach to object recognition , 1989, Cognition.

[5]  Kiyoharu Aizawa,et al.  Model-based analysis synthesis image coding (MBASIC) system for a person's face , 1989, Signal Process. Image Commun..

[6]  F. Girosi,et al.  Networks for approximation and learning , 1990, Proc. IEEE.

[7]  Tomaso A. Poggio,et al.  Extensions of a Theory of Networks for Approximation and Learning , 1990, NIPS.

[8]  T. Poggio A theory of how the brain might work. , 1990, Cold Spring Harbor symposia on quantitative biology.

[9]  Amnon Shashua,et al.  Illumination and View Position in 3D Visual Recognition , 1991, NIPS.

[10]  Hiroshi Harashima,et al.  Model-based/waveform hybrid coding for videotelephone images , 1991, [Proceedings] ICASSP 91: 1991 International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing.

[11]  A. Shashua Correspondence and Affine Shape from Two Orthographic Views: Motion and Recognition , 1991 .

[12]  Roberto Brunelli,et al.  HyperBF Networks for Real Object Recognition , 1991, IJCAI.

[13]  H. Harashima,et al.  Analysis and synthesis of facial expressions in knowledge-based coding of facial image sequences , 1991, [Proceedings] ICASSP 91: 1991 International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing.

[14]  Ronen Basri,et al.  Recognition by Linear Combinations of Models , 1991, IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell..

[15]  Stephen E. Librande Example-based character drawing , 1992 .

[16]  A. Shashua Geometry and Photometry in 3D Visual Recognition , 1992 .

[17]  P. Ekman Facial expressions of emotion: an old controversy and new findings. , 1992, Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences.

[18]  T. Poggio,et al.  Recognition and Structure from one 2D Model View: Observations on Prototypes, Object Classes and Symmetries , 1992 .

[19]  Thaddeus Beier,et al.  Feature-based image metamorphosis , 1992, SIGGRAPH.

[20]  Tomaso Poggio,et al.  Observations on Cortical Mechanisms for Object Recognition and Learning , 1993 .

[21]  LUIGI STRINGA,et al.  Eyes detection for face recognition , 1993, Appl. Artif. Intell..

[22]  Pertti Roivainen,et al.  3-D Motion Estimation in Model-Based Facial Image Coding , 1993, IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell..

[23]  Hiroshi Murase,et al.  Learning and recognition of 3D objects from appearance , 1993, [1993] Proceedings IEEE Workshop on Qualitative Vision.

[24]  Amnon Shashua,et al.  Projective depth: A geometric invariant for 3D reconstruction from two perspective/orthographic views and for visual recognition , 1993, 1993 (4th) International Conference on Computer Vision.

[25]  Lance Williams,et al.  View Interpolation for Image Synthesis , 1993, SIGGRAPH.

[26]  Demetri Terzopoulos,et al.  Analysis and Synthesis of Facial Image Sequences Using Physical and Anatomical Models , 1993, IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell..

[27]  David Beymer,et al.  Face recognition under varying pose , 1994, 1994 Proceedings of IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition.