Effect of anserine ingestion on hyperglycemia and the autonomic nerves in rats and humans

Abstract Anserine and L-carnosine are similar dipeptides synthesized by muscles of vertebrates. The functional role of anserine is unknown, although previous studies showed hypoglycemic effects of carnosine through autonomic nerves. Thus, we evaluated the effects of anserine on blood glucose levels and the neural activities. Intraperitoneal administration of specific doses of anserine to hyperglycemic rats reduced hyperglycemia and plasma glucagon concentrations, whereas thioperamide eliminated the effects of anserine. Intraduodenal injection of 0.1 mg anserine to anesthetized rats after laparotomy suppressed sympathetic nerve activity and enhanced activity of the vagal gastric efferent. In addition, oral administration of anserine reduced blood glucose levels during oral glucose tolerance testing in humans. These results suggest the possibility that anserine might be a control factor for the blood glucose, and that histaminergic nerves may be involved in the hypoglycemic effects of anserine.

[1]  K. Nagai,et al.  Effects of anserine on the renal sympathetic nerve activity and blood pressure in urethane-anesthetized rats. , 2010, Physiological research.

[2]  K. Nagai,et al.  Effects of anserine on the renal sympathetic nerve and blood pressure in urethane-anesthetized rats ( Short title ) Cardiovascular effect of anserine in rats ( Name & affiliation ) , 2009 .

[3]  K. Nagai,et al.  Regulation of sympathetic nerve activity by l-carnosine in mammalian white adipose tissue , 2008, Neuroscience Letters.

[4]  K. Nagai,et al.  Effects of central injection of l-carnosine on sympathetic nerve activity innervating brown adipose tissue and body temperature in rats , 2007, Regulatory Peptides.

[5]  T. Hayakawa,et al.  Oral administration of chicken breast extract increases brain carnosine and anserine concentrations in rats , 2007, Nutritional neuroscience.

[6]  B. Szwergold.  Carnosine and anserine act as effective transglycating agents in decomposition of aldose-derived Schiff bases. , 2005, Biochemical and biophysical research communications.

[7]  I. Petrushanko,et al.  Protection of neuronal cells against reactive oxygen species by carnosine and related compounds. , 2004, Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Part B, Biochemistry & molecular biology.

[8]  K. Nagai,et al.  Possible Role of L-Carnosine in the Regulation of Blood Glucose through Controlling Autonomic Nerves , 2003, Experimental biology and medicine.

[9]  A. Kalsbeek,et al.  The suprachiasmatic nucleus balances sympathetic and parasympathetic output to peripheral organs through separate preautonomic neurons , 2003, The Journal of comparative neurology.

[10]  K. Nagai,et al.  Effects of l-carnosine on renal sympathetic nerve activity and DOCA-salt hypertension in rats , 2002, Autonomic Neuroscience.

[11]  Katsuya Nagai,et al.  Effect of L-carnosine on the hyperglycemia caused by intracranial injection of 2-deoxy-D-glucose in rats , 2001, Neuroscience Letters.

[12]  H. Romijn,et al.  Parasympathetic and sympathetic control of the pancreas: A role for the suprachiasmatic nucleus and other hypothalamic centers that are involved in the regulation of food intake , 2001, The Journal of comparative neurology.

[13]  H. Abe,et al.  Hydrolysis of carnosine and related compounds by mammalian carnosinases. , 2000, Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Part B, Biochemistry & molecular biology.

[14]  H. Abe.  Role of histidine-related compounds as intracellular proton buffering constituents in vertebrate muscle. , 2000, Biochemistry. Biokhimiia.

[15]  K. Nagai,et al.  Effect of bilateral lesions of the suprachiasmatic nucleus on hyperglycemia caused by 2-deoxy-d-glucose and vasoactive intestinal peptide in rats , 1998, Brain Research.

[16]  A. Niijima,et al.  Afferent signals from leptin sensors in the white adipose tissue of the epididymis, and their reflex effect in the rat. , 1998, Journal of the autonomic nervous system.

[17]  F. Sundler,et al.  Insulin secretion by gastrin-releasing peptide in mice: ganglionic versus direct islet effect. , 1998, American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism.

[18]  K. Nagai,et al.  Bilateral lesions of the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus eliminated sympathetic response to intracranial injection of 2-deoxy-d-glucose and VIP rescued this response , 1996, Brain Research Bulletin.

[19]  K. Nagai,et al.  SCN output drives the autonomic nervous system: with special reference to the autonomic function related to the regulation of glucose metabolism. , 1996, Progress in brain research.

[20]  H. Yoshimatsu,et al.  Hypothalamic neuronal histamine regulates feeding circadian rhythm in rats , 1994, Brain Research.

[21]  C. Lamont,et al.  Calcium sensitizing action of carnosine and other endogenous imidazoles in chemically skinned striated muscle. , 1992, The Journal of physiology.

[22]  K. Nagai,et al.  Time-dependent involvement of autonomic nervous system in hyperglycemia due to 2-deoxy-D-glucose. , 1988, The American journal of physiology.

[23]  K. Tsuda,et al.  Effects of naloxone on basal and vagus nerve-induced secretions of GRP, gastrin, and somatostatin from the isolated perfused rat stomach. , 1987, Life sciences.

[24]  H. Abe,et al.  Effect of starvation and sea-water acclimation on the concentration of free l-histidine and related dipeptides in the muscle of eel, rainbow trout and Japanese dace , 1987 .

[25]  S. Snyder,et al.  Brain peptides as neurotransmitters. , 1980, Science.

[26]  S. Woods,et al.  Neural control of the endocrine pancreas. , 1974, Physiological reviews.

[27]  R. M. Avena,et al.  Effects of carnosine and anserine on muscle adenosine triphosphatases. , 1969, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[28]  Takeshi Suzuki,et al.  Chromatographic Determination of Imidazole Compounds in the Whale Meat , 1967 .

[29]  D. Wilson,et al.  Carnosine and anserine in mammalian skeletal muscle , 1935 .

[30]  J. Drummond.  The Nitrogenous Extractives of Tumours. , 1917, Biochemical Journal.