Multi-party quantum state sharing of an arbitrary two-qubit state with Bell states

We present a new scheme for sharing an arbitrary two-qubit quantum state with n agents. In our scheme, the sender Alice first shares n Einsein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs in Bell states with n agents. After setting up the secure quantum channel, Alice first applies (n − 2) Controlled-Not (CNOT) gate operations, and then performs two Bell-state measurements and (n − 2) single-particle measurements (n >2). In addition, all controllers only hold one particle in their hands, respectively, and thus they only need to perform a single-particle measurement on the respective particle with the basis $${\{{\vert}0\rangle, {\vert}1\rangle\}}$$. Compared with other schemes with Bell states, our scheme needs less qubits as the quantum resources and exchanges less classical information, and thus obtains higher total efficiency.