An Accessory Liver in an African

it could be collected and analysed. This method, with subsequent modifications, improvements, and variations (Boyd, Jackson, and Ronan, 1943; Boyd and Ronan, 1942; Boyd and MacLachlan. 1944; Boyd, Perry, and Stevens, 1944), consists essentially in collecting R.T.F. through a T-cannula ligated into the trachea of lightly anaesthetized or decerebrate animals, with the inhaled air warmed to body temperature and saturated with water vapour. By means of this technique it has to date been possible to measure. the effect upon the output and composition of R.T.F. of the following drugs: ammonium chloride, ammonium carbonate, and thymol (Perry and Boyd, 1941); various guaiacols and creosotes (Stevens, Ronan, Souikes, and Boyd, 1943); sympatheticomimetic amines (Boyd, Jackson, and Ronan, 1943); ether (Boyd and Munro, 1943); inhalation of ammonia (Boyd, MacLachlan, and Perry, 1944) and steam (Boyd, Perry, and Stevens, 1944); paregoric, camphor, benzoic acid, and alcohol (Boyd and MacLachlan, 1944); theophylline ethylenediamine, potassium citrate, and chloroform (Boyd, Palmer, and Pearson, 1946); ipecacuanha (Perry and Boyd, 1941 ; Boyd, Palmer, and Pearson, 1946); organic and inorganic iodidee (Boyd, Blanchaer, et al., 1945), volatile oils, balsams, terpe* hydrate, and terebene (Boyd and Pearson, 1946); parasympatheticomimetic drugs and atropine sulphate (Boyd and Lapp, 1946; Lapp and Boyd, 1946; Boyd and Munro, 1943); sulphonamides (Boyd and Dorrance, 1946) and expectorant saponins and related drugs (Boyd and Palmer, 1946). Further studies are in progress. In the investigation described here, the same technique was applied to a study of the effect of several pharmacopoeial syrups on the rate of output of R.T.F. in approximately 200 animals, including guinea-pigs, rabbits, and cats. The general procedure was to arrange the animals for collection of R.T.F., and at the end of three hours, when the rate of output had been at a plateau level for two hours, administer the respective syrup by stomach tube. The dosage ranged from 0.1 to 10 ml. per kilogramme body weight, and when the volume was below 10 ml. per kg. it was made up to that volume with water. In previous studies from this laboratory it has been repeatedly shown that water given by stomach tube in deses up to 10 ml. per kg. body weight has no effect upon the output of R.T.F. On the average, somewhat over twenty animals were used for each syrup given to each species. To standardize the presentation of results the mean output of R.T.F. per kg. body weight per hour was first determined for the two control hours immediately preceding the administration of the syrups. The mean output each hour afterwards was then found, and any increase in the rate of excretion expressed as a percentage of the 'nitial control twohour output.' In calculating these means all values from all doses of syrups were included, since no syrup, with the possible exception of syrup of tolu, had any significant effect on the output of R.T.F. in any of the doses studied. The results thus determined are presented in the accompanying Table.