Dissemination and implementation of the ICAMP.

The current rate of immunizations for older adults does not meet the immunization goals for Healthy People 2020. Using a Social Ecological Model and Social Cognitive Theory, the purpose of this study was to disseminate and implement the Immunization Champions, Advocates and Mentors Program (ICAMP) into a variety of health care settings. This study used a single group pre-/post-test design. Champions were recruited nationally. Five geographically diverse face-to-face meetings were held to train health care providers to be ICAMP immunization champions. Dissemination and implementation of ICAMP was evaluated using the Reach, Efficacy/Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, and Maintenance (RE-AIM) model. Participants were surveyed at baseline for descriptive information and were asked to gather immunization rates for at least one particular vaccine and provide follow-up data on progress toward goal achievement. A total of 212 champions from 82 settings participated in ICAMP. The majority were nurses (111/212, 52%). With regard to reach, we obtained 212 applications from individuals in a variety of settings interested in becoming champions. With regard to effectiveness, the majority of the champions (n = 178/212, 84%) used ICAMP material, 88% (n = 186/212) made changes related to immunization processes within their setting, and all reported that immunization practices improved. The majority used the toolkit materials up through 60 days following ICAMP. Sustained use of materials after the 60-day follow-up was less evident. ICAMP was implemented as intended and was effective in changing processes around immunizations. Ongoing work is needed to determine whether ICAMP improves immunization rates.

[1]  S. Ozawa,et al.  Modeling The Economic Burden Of Adult Vaccine-Preventable Diseases In The United States. , 2016, Health affairs.

[2]  Christopher V. Almario,et al.  Persistent racial and ethnic disparities in flu vaccination coverage: Results from a population-based study. , 2016, American journal of infection control.

[3]  A. Majeed,et al.  Effectiveness of the influenza vaccine in preventing admission to hospital and death in people with type 2 diabetes , 2016, Canadian Medical Association Journal.

[4]  Brigitte C. Madrian,et al.  Vaccination Rates are Associated With Functional Proximity But Not Base Proximity of Vaccination Clinics , 2016, Medical care.

[5]  Noele P. Nelson,et al.  Surveillance of Vaccination Coverage Among Adult Populations - United States, 2014. , 2016, Morbidity and mortality weekly report. Surveillance summaries.

[6]  QuickStats: Percentage* of Adults Aged ≥65 Years Who Reported Ever Receiving a Pneumococcal Vaccination,† by Race/Ethnicity§ and Number of 10 Diagnosed Chronic Conditions¶ - National Health Interview Survey, United States, 2014-2015. , 2016, MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report.

[7]  Sarah K. Wiley.  Encourage patients to roll up their sleeves for influenza vaccination! , 2015, Nursing.

[8]  R. Clark,et al.  Improving Pneumococcal Immunization Rates in an Ambulatory Setting , 2015, Journal of nursing care quality.

[9]  Litjen Tan,et al.  Adult vaccination: Now is the time to realize an unfulfilled potential , 2015, Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics.

[10]  J. McLaughlin,et al.  Estimated Human and Economic Burden of Four Major Adult Vaccine-Preventable Diseases in the United States, 2013 , 2015, The Journal of Primary Prevention.

[11]  Micki Schurlknight.  Improving Pneumococcal Immunization Rates Among Hospitalized Adults. , 2015, Nursing economic$.

[12]  J. Kirchner,et al.  A refined compilation of implementation strategies: results from the Expert Recommendations for Implementing Change (ERIC) project , 2015, Implementation Science.

[13]  P. Rockwell.  What you can do to improve adult immunization rates. , 2015, The Journal of family practice.

[14]  R. Zimmerman.  Increasing engagement of clinicians in adult immunizations: reflections on a decade and a half of research. , 2014, Vaccine.

[15]  C. Sadowski,et al.  A review of acute care interventions to improve inpatient pneumococcal vaccination. , 2014, Preventive medicine.

[16]  B. Resnick,et al.  Translation of Function-Focused Care to Assisted Living Facilities , 2014, Family & community health.

[17]  Jesse J. Jung,et al.  Studying Physician Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Regarding the Herpes Zoster Vaccine to Address Perceived Barriers to Vaccination , 2013, Cornea.

[18]  F. Gany,et al.  Attitudes Surrounding Implementation of the HPV Vaccine for Males among Primary Care Providers Serving Large Minority Populations , 2013, Journal of health care for the poor and underserved.

[19]  David A. Chambers,et al.  National Institutes of Health approaches to dissemination and implementation science: current and future directions. , 2012, American journal of public health.

[20]  Stephanie Phibbs,et al.  Using information technology to improve adult immunization delivery in an integrated urban health system. , 2012, Joint Commission journal on quality and patient safety.

[21]  Jeffrey A. Groom,et al.  Multi‐Center Development and Testing of a Simulation‐Based Cardiovascular Assessment Curriculum for Advanced Practice Nurses , 2011, Nursing education perspectives.

[22]  W. Ambrosius,et al.  Weight Loss and Self-Regulatory Eating Efficacy in Older Adults: The Cooperative Lifestyle Intervention Program , 2011, The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences.

[23]  D. Ferris,et al.  Increased self-efficacy to quit and perceived control over withdrawal symptoms predict smoking cessation following nicotine dependence treatment. , 2011, Addictive behaviors.

[24]  T. Valente,et al.  Identifying Opinion Leaders to Promote Behavior Change , 2007, Health education & behavior : the official publication of the Society for Public Health Education.

[25]  K. Butler.  The Development of an Evidence‐based Toolkit to Prevent Meningococcal Disease in College Students , 2007, Family & community health.

[26]  A. Goldstein,et al.  Policies to increase influenza and pneumococcal immunizations in chronically ill and institutionalized settings. , 2005, American journal of infection control.

[27]  A. Bandura.  Health Promotion by Social Cognitive Means , 2004, Health education & behavior : the official publication of the Society for Public Health Education.

[28]  R. Glasgow,et al.  Implementation, generalization and long-term results of the "choosing well" diabetes self-management intervention. , 2002, Patient education and counseling.

[29]  J. Janosky,et al.  A comprehensive investigation of barriers to adult immunization: a methods paper. , 2001, The Journal of family practice.

[30]  A. Bandura.  Self-Efficacy: The Exercise of Control , 1997, Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy.

[31]  A. Kendal,et al.  Immunization policies and vaccine coverage among adults. The risk for missed opportunities. , 1988, Annals of internal medicine.