Amiodarone Induced Thyrotoxicosis (Type II).

Amiodarone is an iodinated benzofuran derivative, that is highly effective as an agent for the treatment of various cardiac arrhythmias; these arrthymias, range from paroxysmal atrial fibrillation to life-threatening ventricular tachyarrhythmias. Yet amiodarone is associated with several side effects that include dysfunction of liver, thyroid or various other organs. Two main forms of amiodarone induced thyrotoxicosis (AIT) have been described; type I AIT develops in an abnormal thyroid gland (nodular goiter, latent Graves' disease) and it is due to amiodarone-induced true hyperthyroidism; type II AIT occurs in an apparently normal thyroid gland and it is due to amiodarone-induced destructive thyroiditis. We recently experienced a case of type II thyrotoxicosis that was induced by amiodarone treatment for ventricular tachycardia after acute myocardial infarction. The symptoms of thyrotoxicosis were relieved after withdrawal of amiodarone and administering steroid. Type I AIT has often been reported on but type II AIT is relatively rare. We report here on a case of type II amiodarone induced thyrotoxicosis along with a literature review.

[1]  Y. Nikiforov,et al.  Amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis and thyroid cancer: clinical, immunohistochemical, and molecular genetic studies of a case and review of the literature. , 2004, Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine.

[2]  S. Gilbey,et al.  Management of amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis. , 2003, Swiss medical weekly.

[3]  Gustavo A. Cardenas,et al.  Amiodarone induced thyrotoxicosis: diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. , 2003, Cleveland Clinic journal of medicine.

[4]  N. Younis,et al.  Management of amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis. , 2002, Hospital medicine.

[5]  J. Moolman.  Thyroid hormone and the heart. , 2002, Cardiovascular journal of South Africa : official journal for Southern Africa Cardiac Society [and] South African Society of Cardiac Practitioners.

[6]  F. Bogazzi,et al.  Amiodarone‐induced thyrotoxicosis: a difficult diagnostic and therapeutic challenge * , 2002, Clinical endocrinology.

[7]  L. Braverman,et al.  The effects of amiodarone on the thyroid. , 2001, Endocrine reviews.

[8]  J. Wolff.  Perchlorate and the thyroid gland. , 1998, Pharmacological reviews.

[9]  A. Weetman,et al.  Amiodarone and the thyroid: a practical guide to the management of thyroid dysfunction induced by amiodarone therapy , 1998, Heart.

[10]  C. Bartolozzi,et al.  Color flow Doppler sonography rapidly differentiates type I and type II amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis. , 1997, Thyroid : official journal of the American Thyroid Association.

[11]  C. January,et al.  Adverse effects of low dose amiodarone: a meta-analysis. , 1997, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[12]  K. Harjai,et al.  Amiodarone Induced Hyperthyroidism: A Case Series and Brief Review of Literature , 1996, Pacing and clinical electrophysiology : PACE.

[13]  M. Brennan,et al.  Nongoitrous (type I) amiodarone-associated thyrotoxicosis: evidence of follicular disruption in vitro and in vivo. , 1995, Thyroid : official journal of the American Thyroid Association.

[14]  P. Podrid.  Amiodarone: Reevaluation of an Old Drug , 1995, Annals of Internal Medicine.

[15]  L. Braverman,et al.  Serum interleukin-6 in amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis. , 1994, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[16]  A. Pinchera,et al.  Twenty-four hour radioactive iodine uptake in 35 patients with amiodarone associated thyrotoxicosis. , 1985, Journal of nuclear medicine : official publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine.

[17]  A. Leger,et al.  Iodine‐induced thyrotoxicosis: analysis of eighty‐five consecutive cases , 1984, European journal of clinical investigation.

[18]  G. Daniels.  Amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis. , 2001, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[19]  R. Williams,et al.  Williams Textbook of endocrinology , 1985 .