Molecular Markers in Plants for Analysis of Genetic Diversity : A Review

The development and utilization of molecular markers for the exploitation and identification of plant genetic diversity is one of the most key developments in the field of molecular genetics studies. Various types of techniques are used to estimate genetic diversity such as dominant markers (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD), DNA amplification fingerprinting (DAF), Arbitrarily primed polymerase chain reaction (APPCR), Inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) and Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP), and co-dominant markers (Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP), Simple sequence repeats (SSRs), Sequence characterised amplified regions (SCARs), Cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS), Expressed sequence tags (ESTs), Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) and sequence tagged sites (STSs). Today, new techniques are frequently being developed. No such techniques are ideal yet these fulfill all requirements needed by plant researchers. Each technique has its own advantages and limitations. The present review highlights a basic description of various molecular techniques that can be utilized for the analysis of plant genetic diversity and DNA

[1]  S. Christensen,et al.  Development and use of an expressed sequenced tag library in quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) for the discovery of single nucleotide polymorphisms , 2005 .

[2]  K. Livak,et al.  DNA polymorphisms amplified by arbitrary primers are useful as genetic markers. , 1990, Nucleic acids research.

[3]  G. Moore,et al.  Evaluation of inter-simple sequence repeat analysis for mapping in Citrus and extension of the genetic linkage map , 2001, Theoretical and Applied Genetics.

[4]  Y. Shoyama,et al.  Identification and differentiation of Panax species using ELISA, RAPD and eastern blotting. , 2006, Phytochemical analysis : PCA.

[5]  K. Mullis,et al.  Primer-directed enzymatic amplification of DNA with a thermostable DNA polymerase. , 1988, Science.

[6]  R. Varshney,et al.  Exploiting EST databases for the development and characterization of gene-derived SSR-markers in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) , 2003, Theoretical and Applied Genetics.

[7]  R. Hogers,et al.  SNPWave: a flexible multiplexed SNP genotyping technology. , 2004, Nucleic acids research.

[8]  J. Welsh,et al.  Fingerprinting genomes using PCR with arbitrary primers. , 1990, Nucleic acids research.

[9]  Andreas Graner,et al.  Genic microsatellite markers in plants: features and applications. , 2005, Trends in biotechnology.

[10]  Ridout,et al.  Use of AFLP in cereals research. , 1999, Trends in plant science.

[11]  E. Southern.  Detection of specific sequences among DNA fragments separated by gel electrophoresis. , 1975, Journal of molecular biology.

[12]  D. Labuda,et al.  Genome fingerprinting by simple sequence repeat (SSR)-anchored polymerase chain reaction amplification. , 1994, Genomics.

[13]  D. Tautz,et al.  Slippage synthesis of simple sequence DNA. , 1992, Nucleic acids research.

[14]  G. Kahl,et al.  Molecular marker technologies for plant improvement , 1995, World journal of microbiology & biotechnology.

[15]  N C Dracopoli,et al.  Progress in high throughput SNP genotyping methods , 2002, The Pharmacogenomics Journal.

[16]  W. Powell,et al.  Direct comparison of levels of genetic variation among barley accessions detected by RFLPs, AFLPs, SSRs and RAPDs , 1997, Theoretical and Applied Genetics.

[17]  Henry A. Erlich,et al.  Enzymatic amplification of ?-globin genomic sequences and restriction site analysis for diagnosis of , 1985 .

[18]  J. Weber,et al.  Abundant class of human DNA polymorphisms which can be typed using the polymerase chain reaction. , 1989, American journal of human genetics.

[19]  J. Welsh,et al.  Genomic fingerprinting using arbitrarily primed PCR and a matrix of pairwise combinations of primers. , 1991, Nucleic acids research.

[20]  P. Vos,et al.  AFLP: a new technique for DNA fingerprinting. , 1995, Nucleic acids research.

[21]  A. Schulman.  Molecular markers to assess genetic diversity , 2007, Euphytica.