Observations of 54 Active Galactic Nuclei with the HEGRA system of Cherenkov telescopes

A sample of 54 selected Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) has been observed with the HEGRA stereoscopic system of Cherenkov Telescopes between 1996 and 2002 in the TeV energy regime. The observations were motivated by the positive results obtained for Mkn 421 and Mkn 501. The distances of the selected objects vary over a large range of redshifts between z = 0.004 and z = 0.7. Among the observed AGN are the now-established TeV-emitting BL Lac type objects H 1426+428 and 1ES 1959+650. Furthermore the BL Lac object 1ES 2344+514 and the radio galaxy M 87 show evidence for a signal on a4 σ level. The observation of 1ES 2344+514 together with the Whipple results firmly establishes this AGN as a TeV source. Several objects (PKS 2155-304, BL Lacertae, 3C 066A) that have been claimed as TeV γ-ray emitters by other groups are included in this data sample but could not be confirmed using data analysed here. The upper limits from several AGN included in this analysis are compared with predictions in the frame-work of SSC models.

[1]  T. Stanev,et al.  Origin of the highest energy cosmic rays , 2000, astro-ph/0008063.

[2]  Otaviano Helene,et al.  Upper limit of peak area , 1983 .

[3]  Geoffrey V. Bicknell,et al.  Understanding the Kiloparsec-Scale Structure of M87 , 1996 .

[4]  M. Rees BLACK HOLE MODELS FOR ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI , 1984 .

[5]  J.-P. Dezalay,et al.  Temporal and spectral gamma-ray properties of Mkn 421 above 250 GeV from CAT observations between 1996 and 2000 , 2001 .

[6]  et al,et al.  Is the Giant Radio Galaxy M 87 a TeV Gamma-Ray Emitter? , 2003 .

[7]  Ti-Pei Li,et al.  Analysis methods for results in gamma-ray astronomy , 1983 .

[8]  D. Horan,et al.  Detection of the BL Lacertae object H1426+428 at TeV gamma-ray energies , 2002 .

[9]  R. Humphreys,et al.  Ten new BL Lacertae objects discovered by an efficient X-ray/radio/optical technique , 1993 .

[10]  E. al.,et al.  Observations of H1426+428 with HEGRA - Observations in 2002 and reanalysis of 1999&2000 data , 2003, astro-ph/0301437.

[11]  Christine D. Wilson,et al.  Detection of Gamma Rays with E > 300 GeV from Markarian 501 , 1996 .

[12]  H. J. Voelk High energy gamma-ray astronomy , 2004 .

[13]  G. Fazio,et al.  High-energy Gamma-ray Astronomy , 1963, Nature.

[14]  D. Renker,et al.  The first telescope of the HEGRA air Cherenkov imaging telescope array , 1994 .

[15]  M. Punch,et al.  Detection of TeV photons from the active galaxy Markarian 421 , 1992, Nature.

[16]  Oliver Kirstein,et al.  First results on the performance of the HEGRA IACT array , 1997 .

[17]  G. Puehlhofer,et al.  The technical performance of the HEGRA system of imaging air Cherenkov telescopes , 2003 .

[18]  M. Rees STUDIES IN RADIO SOURCE STRUCTURE. I. A RELATIVISTICALLY EXPANDING MODEL FOR VARIABLE QUASI-STELLAR RADIO SOURCES. , 1967 .

[19]  L. Costamante,et al.  TeV candidate BL Lac objects , 2001, astro-ph/0112201.

[20]  et al,et al.  Accepted for Publication in the Astrophysical Journal Simultaneous X-Ray and TeV Gamma-Ray Observations of the TeV Blazar , 2001 .

[21]  TeV γ-rays and cosmic rays from the nucleus of M87, a mis-aligned BL Lac object , 2002, astro-ph/0210249.

[22]  P. Padovani,et al.  UNIFIED SCHEMES FOR RADIO-LOUD ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI , 1995, astro-ph/9506063.

[23]  David Alexander Plummer,et al.  The Einstein Slew Survey , 1992 .

[24]  H. Krawczynski,et al.  Comparison of techniques to reconstruct VHE gamma-ray showers from multiple stereoscopic Cherenkov images , 1999 .

[25]  Correlated Intense X-Ray and TeV Activity of Markarian 501 in 1998 June , 2000, astro-ph/0002215.

[26]  P. Giommi,et al.  Detection of exceptional X-ray spectral variability in the TeV BL Lac 1ES 2344+514 , 1999, astro-ph/9907377.

[27]  Felix A. Aharonian,et al.  Proton-synchrotron radiation of large-scale jets in active galactic nuclei , 2002 .

[28]  Paolo Giommi,et al.  A Sample-oriented catalogue of BL Lacertae objects , 1995 .

[29]  G. Fossati,et al.  A unifying view of the spectral energy distributions of blazars , 1998 .

[30]  TeV gamma rays from the blazar H 1426+428 and the diffuse extragalactic background radiation , 2002, astro-ph/0202072.

[31]  T. Jones,et al.  Physics of Compact Nonthermal Sources. I. Theory of Radiation Processes , 1974 .

[32]  O. Kalekin,et al.  Blazar 3C 66A: Another extragalactic source of ultra-high-energy gamma-ray photons , 1998 .

[33]  The Hegra Collaboration , 1996 .

[34]  P. Véron,et al.  A catalogue of quasars and active nuclei: 10th edition , 2001 .

[35]  F. A. Aharonian TeV gamma rays from BL Lac Objects due to synchrotron radiation of extremely high energy protons , 2000 .

[36]  P. Giommi,et al.  Extreme Synchrotron BL Lac Objects Stretching the Blazar sequence , 2001 .

[37]  BL Lacertae are probable sources of the observed ultrahigh energy cosmic rays , 2001, astro-ph/0102476.

[38]  Norbert Magnussen Astroparticle Physics , 1999 .

[39]  P. J. Boyle,et al.  Discovery of Gamma-Ray Emission above 350 GeV from the BL Lacertae Object 1ES 2344+514 , 1998 .

[40]  P. Salati,et al.  Detection of neutralino annihilation photons from external galaxies , 1999, astro-ph/9909112.

[41]  et al,et al.  Variations of the TeV energy spectrum at different flux levels of Mkn 421 observed with the HEGRA system of Cherenkov telescopes , 2002 .

[42]  G. Tagliaferri,et al.  Hard X-ray properties of blazars , 2001 .

[43]  et al,et al.  Reanalysis of the high energy cutoff of the 1997 Mkn 501 TeV energy spectrum , 2000, astro-ph/0011483.

[45]  R. J. Protheroe,et al.  A proton synchrotron blazar model for flaring in Markarian 501 , 2001 .

[46]  A. Konopelko,et al.  Performance of the stereoscopic system of the HEGRA imaging air Čerenkov telescopes: Monte Carlo simulations and observations , 1999 .

[47]  P. J. Boyle,et al.  Discovery of >350 GeV Gamma Rays from the BL Lacertae Object 1ES 2344+514 , 1997 .

[48]  V. L. Ginzburg,et al.  Cosmic Magnetobremsstrahlung (Synchrotron Radiation) , 1965 .

[49]  P. M. Chadwick,et al.  Very High Energy Gamma Rays from PKS 2155–304 , 1998, astro-ph/9810209.