Assistência pré-natal às usuárias de drogas ilícitas

O uso de drogas ilicitas na gravidez e um problema complexo de cunho social e de saude publica. Com ocorrencia crescente na populacao mundial, resulta no aumento significativo da morbiletalidade materno-fetal, com maiores taxas da exposicao as drogas e da sindrome de abstinencia neonatal, alem de prejuizos no desenvolvimento subsequente das criancas expostas a tais substâncias. Em virtude da variedade de fatores sociais, psicossociais, comportamentais e biomedicos que estao implicados nos resultados neonatais adversos, as usuarias devem receber orientacoes acerca dos riscos periconcepcionais, anteparto e posparto causados pelas drogas de abuso. Idealmente, a assistencia pre-natal deve ser realizada por uma equipe multidisciplinar. Os tocoginecologistas tem a obrigacao etica de aprender e utilizar protocolos para rastreio universal do uso das substâncias ilegais, empreender intervencoes iniciais e encaminhar as usuarias e seus familiares para tratamento medico especializado. A construcao de uma relacao medico-paciente desprovida de preconceitos e baseada em confianca reciproca e tambem pre-requisito fundamental. A frequencia das consultas pre-natais e a avaliacao da vitalidade fetal devem ser pautadas pela analise constante e individualizada dos riscos, segundo as diretrizes de assistencia as gestacoes de alto risco. Apos o parto, o seguimento das maes, dos recem-nascidos e de suas familias deve prosseguir em servicos devidamente capacitados.(AU) Illicit drugs use in pregnancy is a complex social and public health issue. As a growing problem worldwide, it results in significant increase of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality, with higher rates of drug exposure and neonatal abstinence syndrome, besides loss in the subsequent development of children exposed to such substances. Due to the variety of social, psychosocial, behavioral and biomedical factors that are implicated in adverse neonatal outcomes, users should receive guidance regarding conception, antepartum and postpartum risks caused by illicit drugs. Ideally, prenatal care should be performed by a multidisciplinary team. Obstetricians and gynecologists have an ethical obligation to learn and utilize universal screening protocols for the use of illegal substances, undertake initial interventions and refer users and their families for specialized medical treatment. The construction of a non-judgemental physician-patient relationship based on reciprocal trust is also a fundamental prerequisite. The frequency of antenatal visits and assessment of fetal well-being must be guided by constant and individualized analysis of risks, according to the guidelines of care for high-risk pregnancies. After birth, the follow-up of mothers, newborns and their families should continue in properly prepared health care services.(AU)

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