Improved GIC digital filter structures

A procedure is proposed which leads to a reduction in the number of adders in a class of digital filter structures based on the generalized-immittance converter (GIC). This is then used to obtain more economical GIC structures. For example, a second-order digital equalizer is obtained which requires only two unit delays, two multipliers, and six adders. Further, it is shown that the improvements are brought about without degrading the low-noise feature of the original structures.