Offsetting operations via closed ball approximation

A general offsetting methodology that is capable of offsetting 2D/3D closed regions of any arbitrary shape is presented in the paper. Regular, closed and bounded objects are offset using an offsetting procedure that is based on closed ball expansions. Each point on the boundary is expanded to a closed ball to form the offset object. The closed ball expansions are approximated by squares (2D) or cubes (3D) in a spatially enumerated space where objects are represented by ordered cells. The methodology has been implemented and tested. Self intersection and other problems of offsetting are bypassed by this method as a result of finite small expansions. The offsetting algorithms are therefore simplified. Examples are presented and discussed.