An Efficient Far-Field Wireless Power Transfer via Field Intensity Shaping Techniques

Radiative (or far-field) energy replenishment for devices such as smartphones, laptops, robots, and small electric appliances paves the way to autonomous and continuous devices functioning, thus bypassing the need of operation interruptions, human maintenance activities, and replenishment by wired transformers. In this work, we investigate the feasibility of using a properly engineered antenna array able to deliver radiative power to devices in need of energy replenishment during their normal and unsupervised activity, whose locations are unknown. Both the case of single and multiple devices needing energy replenishment are addressed. A quantitative proof-of-concept study is carried out to validate the proposed approach. A 3D scenario is simulated to study the case of devices in need of energy replenishment within a standard office environment. Different antenna array configurations are investigated and the corresponding performances benchmarked against a standard installation of recharging antennas. Results confirm the outstanding capability of the proposed approach in terms of confinement and maximization of power transfer. Finally, in this framework, we also propose an efficient communication protocol that is able to manage multiple recharge demand given different operational rules.

[1]  Alice Buffi,et al.  Near-Field-Focused Microwave Antennas: Near-field shaping and implementation. , 2017, IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine.

[2]  A. F. Morabito,et al.  A Machine-learning and Compressive-sensing Inspired Approach to the Optimal Array Pattern Synthesis , 2019, 2019 PhotonIcs & Electromagnetics Research Symposium - Spring (PIERS-Spring).

[3]  He Chen,et al.  Towards secure communication via a wireless-powered full-duplex jammer , 2016, 2016 IEEE International Conference on Ubiquitous Wireless Broadband (ICUWB).

[4]  Lorenzo Crocco,et al.  AN ADAPTIVE METHOD TO FOCUSING IN AN UNKNOWN SCENARIO , 2012 .

[5]  Gennaro Bellizzi,et al.  The Linear Sampling Method as a Tool for “Blind” Field Intensity Shaping , 2020, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation.

[6]  M. Fink,et al.  Time reversal of ultrasonic fields. I. Basic principles , 1992, IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics and Frequency Control.

[7]  Xiaodong Wang,et al.  Machine Learning-Assisted Wireless Power Transfer Based on Magnetic Resonance , 2019, IEEE Access.

[8]  Prusayon Nintanavongsa,et al.  Design Optimization and Implementation for RF Energy Harvesting Circuits , 2012, IEEE Journal on Emerging and Selected Topics in Circuits and Systems.

[9]  Massimo Merenda,et al.  CMOS RF Transmitters with On-Chip Antenna for Passive RFID and IoT Nodes , 2019 .

[10]  Gennaro G. Bellizzi,et al.  "Temperature-Inspired" Optimization in Hyperthermia Treatment Planning , 2019, 2019 13th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP).

[11]  Massimo Merenda,et al.  An IoT System for Social Distancing and Emergency Management in Smart Cities Using Multi-Sensor Data , 2020, Algorithms.

[12]  M. Soljačić,et al.  Wireless Power Transfer via Strongly Coupled Magnetic Resonances , 2007, Science.

[13]  Ron Shu-Yuen Hui,et al.  Planar Wireless Charging Technology for Portable Electronic Products and Qi , 2013, Proceedings of the IEEE.

[14]  Riccardo Carotenuto,et al.  Simple and Low-Cost Photovoltaic Module Emulator , 2019, Electronics.

[16]  Lalita Udpa,et al.  A Time Reversal-Based Microwave Imaging System for Detection of Breast Tumors , 2019, IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques.

[17]  Tommaso Isernia,et al.  Electromagnetic inverse scattering: Retrievable information and measurement strategies , 1997 .

[18]  Alessandra Costanzo,et al.  Energizing 5G: Near- and Far-Field Wireless Energy and Data Trantransfer as an Enabling Technology for the 5G IoT , 2017, IEEE Microwave Magazine.

[19]  Marc Saillard,et al.  Decomposition of the Time Reversal Operator for Electromagnetic Scattering , 1999 .

[20]  Koji Ishibashi,et al.  Wireless Power Transfer for Distributed Estimation in Sensor Networks , 2017, IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Signal Processing.

[21]  Manos M. Tentzeris,et al.  A Real-Time Range-Adaptive Impedance Matching Utilizing a Machine Learning Strategy Based on Neural Networks for Wireless Power Transfer Systems , 2019, IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques.

[22]  Bijan Zakeri,et al.  An Improved Time-Reversal-Based Target Localization for Through-Wall Microwave Imaging , 2013 .

[23]  Olivier Berder,et al.  RLMan: An Energy Manager Based on Reinforcement Learning for Energy Harvesting Wireless Sensor Networks , 2018, IEEE Transactions on Green Communications and Networking.

[24]  Paolo Nepa,et al.  Wireless Power Transfer Through Simultaneous Near-Field Focusing and Far-Field Synthesis , 2019, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation.

[25]  Xiangyun Zhou,et al.  Regularized Channel Inversion for Simultaneous Confidential Broadcasting and Power Transfer: A Large System Analysis , 2016, IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Signal Processing.

[26]  O. Bucci,et al.  Representation of electromagnetic fields over arbitrary surfaces by a finite and nonredundant number of samples , 1998 .

[27]  Fernando L. Teixeira,et al.  Ultrawideband Microwave Sensing and Imaging Using Time-Reversal Techniques: A Review , 2009, Remote. Sens..

[28]  Luciano Tarricone,et al.  Electromagnetic Energy Harvesting and Wireless Power Transmission: A Unified Approach , 2014, Proceedings of the IEEE.

[29]  P. Potier,et al.  3D near-field shaping of a focused aperture , 2016, 2016 10th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP).

[30]  Francesco G. Della Corte,et al.  An Indoor Ultrasonic System for Autonomous 3-D Positioning , 2019, IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement.

[31]  Paolo Nepa,et al.  Design of a Near-Field Focused Reflectarray Antenna for 2.4 GHz RFID Reader Applications , 2011, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation.

[32]  Francesco G. Della Corte,et al.  Temperature Effects on the Efficiency of Dickson Charge Pumps for Radio Frequency Energy Harvesting , 2018, IEEE Access.

[33]  Paolo Nepa,et al.  An Overview on Synthesis Techniques for Near-Field Focused Antennas , 2019 .

[34]  Payam Nayeri.  Focused antenna arrays for wireless power transfer applications , 2018, 2018 International Applied Computational Electromagnetics Society Symposium (ACES).

[35]  Gennaro G. Bellizzi,et al.  Selecting the Optimal Subset of Antennas in Hyperthermia Treatment Planning , 2019, IEEE Journal of Electromagnetics, RF and Microwaves in Medicine and Biology.

[36]  M. Merenda.  Self-adapting Impedance Matching Circuit for UHF RF Energy Harvester , 2019, 2019 PhotonIcs & Electromagnetics Research Symposium - Spring (PIERS-Spring).

[37]  Gennaro G. Bellizzi,et al.  3-D Field Intensity Shaping via Optimized Multi-Target Time Reversal , 2018, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation.

[38]  Massimo Merenda,et al.  Dynamic impedance matching network for RF energy harvesting systems , 2014, 2014 IEEE RFID Technology and Applications Conference (RFID-TA).