Glance analysis of driver eye movements to evaluate distraction

With the increasing use of in-vehicle devices in cars, an understanding of the safety implications of secondary tasks has become crucial. It is now possible to study the effects of many in-vehicle devices and tasks on driving by using head-mounted eye-tracking devices (HEDs) to collect eye positions and pupil diameters, which have been considered indicators of attentional focus. The collection of eye-position and pupil-diameter data of automobile drivers under on-road conditions and while completing various secondary tasks is described in this paper. Drivers were asked to drive on a preselected two-lane road for a total distance of 22 miles while gaze data were recorded using a HED. Longer off-road fixation durations were observed in radio-tuning and rearview mirror checking tasks, but not in the odometer checking task. In addition, the standard deviations of fixation displacements during a cognitive task involving the computation of a date for a meeting were shorter than those observed during normal driving.

[1]  John R. Anderson,et al.  Mapping eye movements to cognitive processes , 1999 .

[2]  Ingo Totzke,et al.  In-Vehicle Communication and Driving: An Attempt to Overcome their Interference , 2000 .

[3]  Timothy L. Brown,et al.  Speech-Based Interaction with In-Vehicle Computers: The Effect of Speech-Based E-Mail on Drivers' Attention to the Roadway , 2001, Hum. Factors.

[4]  A J McKnight,et al.  The effect of cellular phone use upon driver attention. , 1993, Accident; analysis and prevention.

[5]  Dario D. Salvucci.  A Model of Eye Movements and Visual Attention , 2000 .

[6]  N Moray,et al.  Designing for transportation safety in the light of perception, attention, and mental models. , 1990, Ergonomics.

[7]  G Matthews,et al.  The role of general attentional resources in simulated driving performance , 1996 .

[8]  W W Wierwille,et al.  AUTOMOTIVE ERGONOMICS. CHAPTER 14. VISUAL AND MANUAL DEMANDS OF IN- CAR CONTROLS AND DISPLAYS , 1993 .

[9]  R. Tibshirani,et al.  Association between cellular-telephone calls and motor vehicle collisions. , 1997, The New England journal of medicine.

[10]  Louis Tijerina,et al.  AN ANALYSIS OF DRIVING ACCIDENT NARRATIVES AS A MEANS OF DETERMINING PROBLEMS CAUSED BY IN-VEHICLE VISUAL ALLOCATION AND VISUAL WORKLOAD , 1996 .

[11]  I. Brown,et al.  Interference between concurrent tasks of driving and telephoning. , 1969, The Journal of applied psychology.

[12]  Paul Green,et al.  Car Phone Usability: A Human Factors Laboratory Test , 1993 .

[13]  G. Underwood,et al.  Visual Search of Dynamic Scenes , 1998 .

[14]  G. Pachiaudi,et al.  CAR PHONE AND ROAD SAFETY , 1995 .

[15]  Michael J. Goodman,et al.  NHTSA DRIVER DISTRACTION RESEARCH: PAST, PRESENT, AND FUTURE , 2001 .

[16]  A. L. I︠A︡rbus.  Eye Movements and Vision , 1967 .

[17]  John R. Anderson,et al.  Tracing Eye Movement Protocols with Cognitive Process Models , 1998 .

[18]  Alasdair Cain,et al.  Investigation of the Use of Mobile Phones While Driving , 1999 .

[19]  L J Williams,et al.  Tunnel vision or general interference? Cognitive load and attentional bias are both important. , 1988, The American journal of psychology.

[20]  Lisbeth Harms,et al.  Variation in drivers' cognitive load. Effects of driving through village areas and rural junctions , 1991 .

[21]  K. Rumar,et al.  In-vehicle information systems , 1988 .