Electric vehicle parking lots as a capacity expansion option in distribution systems: a mixed‐integer linear programing‐based model

Plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) are considered as innovative solutions to achieve sustainable development. The installation of PEV parking lots is the main requirement for using PEVs. Another requirement is the expansion of the distribution system to meet a portfolio of demands with different attributes including parking lots. In this study, an innovative framework for integration of parking lots in distribution system planning (DSP) problem is presented. The storage capability of gridable parking lots (GPLs) is used to postpone investments in distribution system expansion. To this end, first, a novel stochastic GPL allocation model is proposed in which GPLs can act as charging stations and storage elements. Then, an integrated model for DSP problem is presented considering different objectives of distribution system company and GPL owners. Finally, an efficient linearisation lemma is applied to solve the proposed DSP model. The numerical studies demonstrate the proficiency of the proposed DSP model.