The clinical use of stress echocardiography in non-ischaemic heart disease: recommendations from the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging and the American Society of Echocardiography.

A unique and highly versatile technique, stress echocardiography (SE) is increasingly recognized for its utility in the evaluation of non-ischaemic heart disease. SE allows for simultaneous assessment of myocardial function and haemodynamics under physiological or pharmacological conditions. Due to its diagnostic and prognostic value, SE has become widely implemented to assess various conditions other than ischaemic heart disease. It has thus become essential to establish guidance for its applications and performance in the area of non-ischaemic heart disease. This paper summarizes these recommendations.

[1]  J. Zamorano,et al.  Recommendations for the Imaging Assessment of Prosthetic Heart Valves , 2018 .

[2]  O. Kamp,et al.  Appropriate use criteria for echocardiography in the Netherlands , 2017, Netherlands Heart Journal.

[3]  A. Carvalho,et al.  Exercise‐Induced Abnormal Increase of Systolic Pulmonary Artery Pressure in Adult Patients With Sickle Cell Anemia: An Exercise Stress Echocardiography Study , 2016, Echocardiography.

[4]  Patrizio Lancellotti,et al.  Recommendations for the Evaluation of Left Ventricular Diastolic Function by Echocardiography: An Update from the American Society of Echocardiography and the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging. , 2016, European heart journal cardiovascular Imaging.

[5]  P. Pellikka,et al.  Impact of age on pulmonary artery systolic pressures at rest and with exercise , 2016, Echo research and practice.

[6]  J. Zamorano,et al.  Recommendations for the imaging assessment of prosthetic heart valves: a report from the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging endorsed by the Chinese Society of Echocardiography, the Inter-American Society of Echocardiography, and the Brazilian Department of Cardiovascular Imaging. , 2016, European heart journal cardiovascular Imaging.

[7]  Patrizio Lancellotti,et al.  Recommendations for the Evaluation of Left Ventricular Diastolic Function by Echocardiography: An Update from the American Society of Echocardiography and the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging. , 2016, Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography : official publication of the American Society of Echocardiography.

[8]  B. McCrindle,et al.  Left Ventricular Myocardial and Hemodynamic Response to Exercise in Young Patients after Endovascular Stenting for Aortic Coarctation. , 2016, Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography : official publication of the American Society of Echocardiography.

[9]  J. Ottervanger,et al.  Association of apical rocking with long-term major adverse cardiac events in patients undergoing cardiac resynchronization therapy. , 2016, European heart journal cardiovascular Imaging.

[10]  L. Kroft,et al.  Ventricular function and cardiac reserve in contemporary Fontan patients. , 2015, International journal of cardiology.

[11]  K. Yoneyama,et al.  Influence of exercise-induced pulmonary hypertension on exercise capacity in asymptomatic degenerative mitral regurgitation. , 2015, Journal of cardiology.

[12]  Simon Gibbs,et al.  2015 ESC/ERS Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary hypertension , 2015, European Respiratory Journal.

[13]  M. Garbi,et al.  Valve Stress Echocardiography: A Practical Guide for Referral, Procedure, Reporting, and Clinical Implementation of Results From the HAVEC Group. , 2015, JACC. Cardiovascular imaging.

[14]  L. Pierard,et al.  Clinical significance of exercise pulmonary hypertension in secondary mitral regurgitation. , 2015, The American journal of cardiology.

[15]  P. Spirito.  The dawn of a better day for patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. , 2015, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[16]  M. Link,et al.  Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy in Adulthood Associated With Low Cardiovascular Mortality With Contemporary Management Strategies. , 2015, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[17]  J. Lindner,et al.  COCATS 4 Task Force 5: Training in Echocardiography. , 2015, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[18]  R. Buys,et al.  Clinical significance of dynamic pulmonary vascular resistance in two populations at risk of pulmonary arterial hypertension. , 2015, European heart journal cardiovascular Imaging.

[19]  Erwan Donal,et al.  Echocardiographic reference ranges for normal cardiac Doppler data: results from the NORRE Study. , 2015, European heart journal cardiovascular Imaging.

[20]  L. Monserrat,et al.  Exercise echocardiography and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging to predict outcome in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. , 2015, European heart journal cardiovascular Imaging.

[21]  P. Lancellotti,et al.  Therapeutic decision-making for patients with fluctuating mitral regurgitation , 2015, Nature Reviews Cardiology.

[22]  Erwan Donal,et al.  The multi-modality cardiac imaging approach to the Athlete's heart: an expert consensus of the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging. , 2015, European heart journal cardiovascular Imaging.

[23]  Erwan Donal,et al.  Role of multimodality cardiac imaging in the management of patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: an expert consensus of the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging Endorsed by the Saudi Heart Association. , 2015, European heart journal cardiovascular Imaging.

[24]  A. Mertens,et al.  Assessing anthracycline‐treated childhood cancer survivors with advanced stress echocardiography , 2015, Pediatric blood & cancer.

[25]  P. Mitro,et al.  Global Myocardial Contractile Reserve Assessed by High‐Dose Dobutamine Stress Echocardiography Predicts Response to the Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy , 2015, Echocardiography.

[26]  C. Gaudio,et al.  Three‐Dimensional Echocardiography and 2D‐3D Speckle‐Tracking Imaging in Chronic Pulmonary Hypertension: Diagnostic Accuracy in Detecting Hemodynamic Signs of Right Ventricular (RV) Failure , 2015, Journal of the American Heart Association.

[27]  H. Baumgartner,et al.  Usefulness of Global Left Ventricular Longitudinal Strain for Risk Stratification in Low Ejection Fraction, Low-Gradient Aortic Stenosis: Results From the Multicenter True or Pseudo-Severe Aortic Stenosis Study , 2015, Circulation. Cardiovascular imaging.

[28]  P. Vandervoort,et al.  Mitral valve area during exercise after restrictive mitral valve annuloplasty: importance of diastolic anterior leaflet tethering. , 2015, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[29]  J. Ottervanger,et al.  Apical rocking is predictive of response to cardiac resynchronization therapy , 2015, The International Journal of Cardiovascular Imaging.

[30]  Y. Cheung,et al.  Left ventricular contractile reserve in young adults long-term after repair of coarctation of the aorta. , 2015, The American journal of cardiology.

[31]  C. Rooryck,et al.  Comparison of resting and exercise echocardiographic parameters as indicators of outcomes in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. , 2015, Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography : official publication of the American Society of Echocardiography.

[32]  Simon Gibbs,et al.  [2015 ESC/ERS Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary hypertension]. , 2015, Kardiologia polska.

[33]  P. Sengupta,et al.  Pulmonary hypertension in valvular disease: a comprehensive review on pathophysiology to therapy from the HAVEC Group. , 2015, JACC. Cardiovascular imaging.

[34]  C. Tribouilloy,et al.  Feasibility of Doppler hemodynamic evaluation of primary and secondary mitral regurgitation during exercise echocardiography , 2015, The International Journal of Cardiovascular Imaging.

[35]  L. Ait-Ali,et al.  Role of stress echocardiography in operated fallot: feasibility and detection of right ventricular response. , 2014, Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography : official publication of the American Society of Echocardiography.

[36]  Su-Jin Park,et al.  Factors associated with right ventricular dilatation and dysfunction in patients with chronic pulmonary regurgitation after repair of tetralogy of Fallot: analysis of magnetic resonance imaging data from 218 patients. , 2014, The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery.

[37]  B. McCrindle,et al.  Left ventricular myocardial response to exercise in children after heart transplant. , 2014, The Journal of heart and lung transplantation : the official publication of the International Society for Heart Transplantation.

[38]  G. Fischer,et al.  Two-Dimensional Global Longitudinal Strain Rate Is a Preload Independent Index of Systemic Right Ventricular Contractility in Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome Patients After Fontan Operation , 2014, Circulation. Cardiovascular imaging.

[39]  D. Celermajer,et al.  Dobutamine stress for evaluation of right ventricular reserve in pulmonary arterial hypertension , 2014, European Respiratory Journal.

[40]  P. Pibarot,et al.  Impact of exercise pulmonary hypertension on postoperative outcome in primary mitral regurgitation , 2014, Heart.

[41]  F. Rutten,et al.  2014 ESC Guidelines on diagnosis and management of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: the Task Force for the Diagnosis and Management of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). , 2014, European heart journal.

[42]  J. Oh,et al.  Diastolic stress echocardiography: the time has come for its integration into clinical practice. , 2014, Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography : official publication of the American Society of Echocardiography.

[43]  M. Amor,et al.  Coronary flow velocity reserve during pharmacologic stress echocardiography with normal contractility adds important prognostic value in diabetic and nondiabetic patients. , 2014, Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography : official publication of the American Society of Echocardiography.

[44]  Frank Ranallo,et al.  Radiation safety for the cardiac sonographer: recommendations of the Radiation Safety Writing Group for the Council on Cardiovascular Sonography of the American Society of Echocardiography. , 2014, Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography : official publication of the American Society of Echocardiography.

[45]  Barry J Maron,et al.  Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: present and future, with translation into contemporary cardiovascular medicine. , 2014, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[46]  Nancy M Albert,et al.  2014 AHA/ACC guideline for the management of patients with valvular heart disease: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. , 2014, The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery.

[47]  P. Vandervoort,et al.  Functional impact of transmitral gradients at rest and during exercise after restrictive annuloplasty for ischemic mitral regurgitation. , 2014, The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery.

[48]  B. Kjellström,et al.  Hemodynamic ranges during daily activities and exercise testing in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension. , 2014, Journal of cardiac failure.

[49]  Philippe Pibarot,et al.  Left ventricular contractile reserve in asymptomatic primary mitral regurgitation. , 2014, European heart journal.

[50]  Thoralf M Sundt,et al.  2014 AHA/ACC guideline for the management of patients with valvular heart disease: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. , 2014, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[51]  M. Sprynger,et al.  Determinants of exercise-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension in systemic sclerosis. , 2014, International Journal of Cardiology.

[52]  T. Malm,et al.  Surgical age and morbidity after arterial switch of transposition of the great arteries , 2014 .

[53]  P. Kilner,et al.  Prevalence and prognostic implication of restenosis or dilatation at the aortic coarctation repair site assessed by cardiovascular MRI in adult patients late after coarctation repair. , 2014, International journal of cardiology.

[54]  M. Chen,et al.  Effects of transcatheter pulmonary valve replacement on the hemodynamic and ventricular response to exercise in patients with obstructed right ventricle-to-pulmonary artery conduits. , 2014, JACC. Cardiovascular interventions.

[55]  P. Pellikka,et al.  Stress echo applications beyond coronary artery disease. , 2014, European heart journal.

[56]  T. Mihaljevic,et al.  Predictors of Long-Term Outcomes in Patients With Significant Myxomatous Mitral Regurgitation Undergoing Exercise Echocardiography , 2014, Circulation.

[57]  J. Zamorano,et al.  Updated standards and processes for accreditation of echocardiographic laboratories from The European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging. , 2014, European heart journal cardiovascular Imaging.

[58]  H. Szwed,et al.  Preserved contractile reserve in a dobutamine test for the prediction of a response to resynchronisation therapy in ischaemic and non-ischaemic cardiomyopathy--a multicenter ViaCRT study. , 2014, International journal of cardiology.

[59]  H. Heidbuchel,et al.  The appropriate and justified use of medical radiation in cardiovascular imaging: a position document of the ESC Associations of Cardiovascular Imaging, Percutaneous Cardiovascular Interventions and Electrophysiology. , 2014, European heart journal.

[60]  C. Cotrim,et al.  Echocardiographic assessment of right ventricular contractile reserve in patients with pulmonary hypertension. , 2014, Revista portuguesa de cardiologia : orgao oficial da Sociedade Portuguesa de Cardiologia = Portuguese journal of cardiology : an official journal of the Portuguese Society of Cardiology.

[61]  N. Smedira,et al.  Exercise echocardiography in asymptomatic HCM: exercise capacity, and not LV outflow tract gradient predicts long-term outcomes. , 2014, JACC. Cardiovascular imaging.

[62]  Jens-Uwe Voigt,et al.  Dynamic relationship of left-ventricular dyssynchrony and contractile reserve in patients undergoing cardiac resynchronization therapy. , 2014, European heart journal.

[63]  S. Solomon,et al.  GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS , 2010 .

[64]  J. Lumens,et al.  Right heart adaptation to pulmonary arterial hypertension: physiology and pathobiology. , 2013, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[65]  C. Sartori,et al.  RV contractility and exercise-induced pulmonary hypertension in chronic mountain sickness: a stress echocardiographic and tissue Doppler imaging study. , 2013, JACC. Cardiovascular imaging.

[66]  K. Chan,et al.  Functional Significance of Elevated Mitral Gradients After Repair for Degenerative Mitral Regurgitation , 2013, Circulation. Cardiovascular imaging.

[67]  E. Picano,et al.  Lung ultrasound for the evaluation of pulmonary congestion in outpatients: a comparison with clinical assessment, natriuretic peptides, and echocardiography. , 2013, JACC. Cardiovascular imaging.

[68]  C. Fischer,et al.  Assessment and Prognostic Relevance of Right Ventricular Contractile Reserve in Patients With Severe Pulmonary Hypertension , 2013, Circulation.

[69]  J. Voigt,et al.  Bosentan for mild pulmonary vascular disease in ASD patients (the BOMPA trial): a double-blind, randomized controlled, pilot trial. , 2013, International journal of cardiology.

[70]  E. Donal,et al.  Strain analysis during exercise in patients with left ventricular hypertrophy: impact of etiology. , 2013, Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography : official publication of the American Society of Echocardiography.

[71]  T. Marwick,et al.  Noninvasive assessment of pulmonary vascular resistance by Doppler echocardiography. , 2013, Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography : official publication of the American Society of Echocardiography.

[72]  M. Rubenfire,et al.  Pulmonary Vascular Hemodynamic Response to Exercise in Cardiopulmonary Diseases , 2013, Circulation.

[73]  K. Yoneyama,et al.  Simple exercise echocardiography using a Master's two-step test for early detection of pulmonary arterial hypertension. , 2013, Journal of cardiology.

[74]  P. Lancellotti,et al.  Stress echocardiography in regurgitant valve disease. , 2013, Circulation. Cardiovascular imaging.

[75]  P. Pellikka,et al.  Outcome Prediction by Quantitative Right Ventricular Function Assessment in 575 Subjects Evaluated for Pulmonary Hypertension , 2013, Circulation. Cardiovascular imaging.

[76]  A. DeMaria,et al.  Paradoxical response to exercise in asymptomatic hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: a new description of outflow tract obstruction dynamics. , 2013, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[77]  Eugenio Picano,et al.  End-Systolic Elastance and Ventricular-Arterial Coupling Reserve Predict Cardiac Events in Patients with Negative Stress Echocardiography , 2013, BioMed research international.

[78]  N. Panebianco,et al.  Diagnosing heart failure among acutely dyspneic patients with cardiac, inferior vena cava, and lung ultrasonography. , 2013, The American journal of emergency medicine.

[79]  J. Voigt,et al.  Right ventricular load and function during exercise in patients with open and closed atrial septal defect type secundum , 2013, European journal of preventive cardiology.

[80]  M. Sherrid,et al.  Post-prandial upright exercise echocardiography in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. , 2013, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[81]  R. Strasser,et al.  Latent pulmonary hypertension in atrial septal defect: Dynamic stress echocardiography reveals unapparent pulmonary hypertension and confirms rapid normalisation after ASD closure , 2013, Netherlands Heart Journal.

[82]  M. Zile,et al.  Effects of Exercise on Left Ventricular Systolic and Diastolic Properties in Patients With Heart Failure and a Preserved Ejection Fraction Versus Heart Failure and a Reduced Ejection Fraction , 2013, Circulation. Heart failure.

[83]  Agnes Pasquet,et al.  Predictive model for late atrial arrhythmia after closure of an atrial septal defect. , 2013, International journal of cardiology.

[84]  T. Marwick,et al.  Prognostic Significance of Exercise-induced Right Ventricular Dysfunction in Asymptomatic Degenerative Mitral Regurgitation , 2013, Circulation. Cardiovascular imaging.

[85]  G. Heinze,et al.  Two-Dimensional Strain for the Assessment of Left Ventricular Function in Low Flow–Low Gradient Aortic Stenosis, Relationship to Hemodynamics, and Outcome: A Substudy of the Multicenter TOPAS Study , 2013, Circulation. Cardiovascular imaging.

[86]  L. Benson,et al.  Systemic blood pressure after stent management for arch coarctation implications for clinical care. , 2013, JACC. Cardiovascular interventions.

[87]  P. Pibarot,et al.  Stress echocardiography to assess stenosis severity and predict outcome in patients with paradoxical low-flow, low-gradient aortic stenosis and preserved LVEF. , 2013, JACC. Cardiovascular imaging.

[88]  P. Pibarot,et al.  Low-flow, low-gradient aortic stenosis with normal and depressed left ventricular ejection fraction. , 2012, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[89]  E. Donal,et al.  Prediction of left ventricular ejection fraction 6 months after surgical correction of organic mitral regurgitation: the value of exercise echocardiography and deformation imaging. , 2012, European heart journal cardiovascular Imaging.

[90]  O. Alfieri,et al.  Guidelines on the management of valvular heart disease (version 2012). , 2012, European heart journal.

[91]  C. Tribouilloy,et al.  Outcomes of pseudo-severe aortic stenosis under conservative treatment. , 2012, European heart journal.

[92]  P. Pibarot,et al.  Valve prosthesis-patient mismatch, 1978 to 2011: from original concept to compelling evidence. , 2012, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[93]  S. Ha,et al.  Dynamic Dyssynchrony and Impaired Contractile Reserve of the Left Ventricle in Beta-Thalassaemia Major: An Exercise Echocardiographic Study , 2012, PloS one.

[94]  B. Maron,et al.  β Blockers for prevention of exercise-induced left ventricular outflow tract obstruction in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. , 2012, The American journal of cardiology.

[95]  E. Donal,et al.  Determinants and Prognostic Significance of Exercise Pulmonary Hypertension in Asymptomatic Severe Aortic Stenosis , 2012, Circulation.

[96]  A. Renzulli,et al.  Impact of increased transmitral gradients after undersized annuloplasty for chronic ischemic mitral regurgitation. , 2012, International journal of cardiology.

[97]  O. Alfieri,et al.  Dynamic assessment of 'valvular reserve capacity' in patients with rheumatic mitral stenosis. , 2012, European heart journal cardiovascular Imaging.

[98]  E. Argulian,et al.  Stress testing in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. , 2012, Progress in cardiovascular diseases.

[99]  S. Favale,et al.  Low-dose dobutamine test associated with interventricular dyssynchrony: a useful tool to identify cardiac resynchronization therapy responders: data from the LOw dose DObutamine stress-echo test in Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy (LODO-CRT) phase 2 study. , 2012, American heart journal.

[100]  M. Cheitlin.  Changes in mitral regurgitation and left ventricular geometry during exercise affect exercise capacity in patients with systolic heart failure , 2012 .

[101]  Jagmeet P. Singh,et al.  Absence of left ventricular apical rocking and atrial-ventricular dyssynchrony predicts non-response to cardiac resynchronization therapy. , 2012, European heart journal cardiovascular Imaging.

[102]  Barry J Maron,et al.  2011 ACCF/AHA Guideline for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: Executive Summary A Report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines , 2011, Circulation.

[103]  Barry J Maron,et al.  2011 ACCF/AHA Guideline for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. Developed in collaboration with the American Association for Thoracic Surgery, American Soci , 2011, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[104]  Barry J Maron,et al.  2011 ACCF/AHA guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. , 2011, The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery.

[105]  E. Donal,et al.  Comparison of the heart function adaptation in trained and sedentary men after 50 and before 35 years of age. , 2011, The American journal of cardiology.

[106]  M. Nishino,et al.  Does Stringent Restrictive Annuloplasty for Functional Mitral Regurgitation Cause Functional Mitral Stenosis and Pulmonary Hypertension? , 2011, Circulation.

[107]  B. Mulder,et al.  Usefulness of exercise-induced hypertension as predictor of chronic hypertension in adults after operative therapy for aortic isthmic coarctation in childhood. , 2011, The American journal of cardiology.

[108]  Sungha Park,et al.  Clinical outcomes of exercise-induced pulmonary hypertension in subjects with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction: implication of an increase in left ventricular filling pressure during exercise , 2011, Heart.

[109]  M. Mcgoon,et al.  Integration of clinical and hemodynamic parameters in the prediction of long-term survival in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension. , 2011, Chest.

[110]  B. Iung,et al.  Early hemodynamic changes versus peak values: what is more useful to predict occurrence of dyspnea during stress echocardiography in patients with asymptomatic mitral stenosis? , 2011, Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography : official publication of the American Society of Echocardiography.

[111]  P. Pellikka,et al.  Neuropsychiatric symptoms during 24 hours after dobutamine-atropine stress testing: a prospective study in 1,006 patients. , 2011, Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography : official publication of the American Society of Echocardiography.

[112]  Warren J Manning,et al.  ACCF/ASE/AHA/ASNC/HFSA/HRS/SCAI/SCCM/SCCT/SCMR 2011 Appropriate Use Criteria for Echocardiography. A Report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation Appropriate Use Criteria Task Force, American Society of Echocardiography, American Heart Association, American Society of Nuclear Cardiology, , 2011, Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography : official publication of the American Society of Echocardiography.

[113]  R. Frater.  Functional mitral stenosis after surgical annuloplasty for ischemic mitral regurgitation: Importance of subvalvular tethering in the mechanism and dynamic deterioration during exertion , 2011 .

[114]  E. Donal,et al.  Impact of aortic stenosis on longitudinal myocardial deformation during exercise. , 2011, European journal of echocardiography : the journal of the Working Group on Echocardiography of the European Society of Cardiology.

[115]  J. Voigt,et al.  Pulmonary Vascular Resistance as Assessed by Bicycle Stress Echocardiography in Patients With Atrial Septal Defect Type Secundum , 2010, Circulation. Cardiovascular imaging.

[116]  S. Bangalore,et al.  Inotropic contractile reserve and response to cardiac resynchronization therapy in patients with markedly remodeled left ventricle. , 2011, Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography : official publication of the American Society of Echocardiography.

[117]  E. Picano,et al.  Stress-induced intraventricular gradients in symptomatic athletes during upright exercise continuous wave Doppler echocardiography. , 2010, The American journal of cardiology.

[118]  A. Berrebi,et al.  Management of multiple valve disease , 2010, Heart.

[119]  M. Friedberg,et al.  Exercise induces biventricular mechanical dyssynchrony in children with repaired tetralogy of Fallot , 2010, Heart.

[120]  D. Robbers‐Visser,et al.  Cardiac stress testing after surgery for congenital heart disease , 2010, Current opinion in pediatrics.

[121]  E. Picano,et al.  Frequent subclinical high-altitude pulmonary edema detected by chest sonography as ultrasound lung comets in recreational climbers , 2010, Critical care medicine.

[122]  Horst Olschewski,et al.  Assessment of pulmonary arterial pressure during exercise in collagen vascular disease: echocardiography vs right-sided heart catheterization. , 2010, Chest.

[123]  L. Pierard,et al.  Exercise-induced changes in degenerative mitral regurgitation. , 2010, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[124]  L. Pierard,et al.  Exercise Pulmonary Hypertension in Asymptomatic Degenerative Mitral Regurgitation , 2010, Circulation.

[125]  J. Champagne,et al.  Contractile Reserve Assessed Using Dobutamine Echocardiography Predicts Left Ventricular Reverse Remodeling after Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy: Prospective Validation in Patients with Left Ventricular Dyssynchrony , 2010, Echocardiography.

[126]  Y. Jang,et al.  Passive leg-raise is helpful to identify impaired diastolic functional reserve during exercise in patients with abnormal myocardial relaxation. , 2010, Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography : official publication of the American Society of Echocardiography.

[127]  Stuart Moir,et al.  Safety of Contrast Agent Use During Stress Echocardiography in Patients With Elevated Right Ventricular Systolic Pressure: A Cohort Study , 2010, Circulation. Cardiovascular imaging.

[128]  P. Pibarot,et al.  Usefulness of exercise-stress echocardiography for risk stratification of true asymptomatic patients with aortic valve stenosis , 2010, European heart journal.

[129]  H. Baumgartner,et al.  Validation of conventional and simplified methods to calculate projected valve area at normal flow rate in patients with low flow, low gradient aortic stenosis: the multicenter TOPAS (True or Pseudo Severe Aortic Stenosis) study. , 2010, Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography : official publication of the American Society of Echocardiography.

[130]  T. Marwick,et al.  Prognostic Implications of Left Ventricular Filling Pressure With Exercise , 2010, Circulation. Cardiovascular imaging.

[131]  C. Sartori,et al.  Exaggerated pulmonary hypertension during mild exercise in chronic mountain sickness. , 2010, Chest.

[132]  J. Champagne,et al.  Usefulness and Limitation of Dobutamine Stress Echocardiography to Predict Acute Response to Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy , 2010, Echocardiography.

[133]  V. Thijs,et al.  Prevention of stroke by percutaneous left atrial appendage closure: short term follow-up. , 2009, International journal of cardiology.

[134]  R. Suri.  Outcome After Aortic Valve Replacement for Low-Flow/Low-Gradient Aortic Stenosis Without Contractile Reserve on Dobutamine Stress Echocardiography , 2010 .

[135]  H. Trappe,et al.  Two-dimensional strain analysis of the global and regional myocardial function for the differentiation of pathologic and physiologic left ventricular hypertrophy: a study in athletes and in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy , 2010, The International Journal of Cardiovascular Imaging.

[136]  R. Bonow,et al.  The emerging role of exercise testing and stress echocardiography in valvular heart disease. , 2009, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[137]  N. Chesler,et al.  Exercise stress echocardiography for the study of the pulmonary circulation , 2009, European Respiratory Journal.

[138]  Bijoy K Khandheria,et al.  Recommendations for evaluation of prosthetic valves with echocardiography and doppler ultrasound: a report From the American Society of Echocardiography's Guidelines and Standards Committee and the Task Force on Prosthetic Valves, developed in conjunction with the American College of Cardiology Card , 2009, Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography : official publication of the American Society of Echocardiography.

[139]  E. Donal,et al.  Myocardial contractile reserve during exercise predicts left ventricular reverse remodelling after cardiac resynchronization therapy. , 2009, European journal of echocardiography : the journal of the Working Group on Echocardiography of the European Society of Cardiology.

[140]  E. Braunwald,et al.  The 50-year history, controversy, and clinical implications of left ventricular outflow tract obstruction in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy from idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis to hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: from idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis to hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. , 2009, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[141]  J. Hess,et al.  Reduced contractile reserve of the systemic right ventricle under Dobutamine stress is associated with increased brain natriuretic peptide levels in patients with complete transposition after atrial repair. , 2009, European journal of echocardiography : the journal of the Working Group on Echocardiography of the European Society of Cardiology.

[142]  C. Tribouilloy,et al.  Effects of age on pulmonary artery systolic pressure at rest and during exercise in normal adults. , 2009, European journal of echocardiography : the journal of the Working Group on Echocardiography of the European Society of Cardiology.

[143]  J. Feinstein,et al.  A novel non-invasive method of estimating pulmonary vascular resistance in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension. , 2009, Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography : official publication of the American Society of Echocardiography.

[144]  Eugenio Picano,et al.  Identification of responders to cardiac resynchronization therapy by contractile reserve during stress echocardiography , 2009, European journal of heart failure.

[145]  M. Humbert,et al.  Stress Doppler Echocardiography in Relatives of Patients With Idiopathic and Familial Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Results of a Multicenter European Analysis of Pulmonary Artery Pressure Response to Exercise and Hypoxia , 2009, Circulation.

[146]  P. Pibarot,et al.  Prosthetic Heart Valves Selection of the Optimal Prosthesis and Long-Term Management , 2009 .

[147]  Jens-Uwe Voigt,et al.  Stress Echocardiography Expert Consensus Statement--Executive Summary: European Association of Echocardiography (EAE) (a registered branch of the ESC). , 2008, European heart journal.

[148]  Bart Bijnens,et al.  Low-dose dobutamine stress echo to quantify the degree of remodelling after cardiac resynchronization therapy. , 2008, European heart journal.

[149]  M. Cheitlin.  Exercise-Induced Changes of Functional Mitral Regurgitation in Asymptomatic or Mildly Symptomatic Patients With Idiopathic Dilated Cardiomyopathy , 2009 .

[150]  R. Shephard.  Chest Sonography Detects Lung Water Accumulation in Healthy Elite Apnea Divers , 2009 .

[151]  J. Chambers,et al.  Echocardiographic assessment of valve stenosis: EAE/ASE recommendations for clinical practice. , 2009, Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography : official publication of the American Society of Echocardiography.

[152]  E. Picano,et al.  Prognostic implications of coronary flow reserve on left anterior descending coronary artery in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. , 2008, The American journal of cardiology.

[153]  L. Pierard,et al.  Importance of left ventricular longitudinal function and functional reserve in patients with degenerative mitral regurgitation: assessment by two-dimensional speckle tracking. , 2008, Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography : official publication of the American Society of Echocardiography.

[154]  H. Baumgartner,et al.  Predictors of Outcomes in Low-Flow, Low-Gradient Aortic Stenosis: Results of the Multicenter TOPAS Study , 2008, Circulation.

[155]  N. Chung,et al.  Determinants of exercise-induced pulmonary hypertension in patients with normal left ventricular ejection fraction , 2008, Heart.

[156]  V. Steen,et al.  Exercise-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension in patients with systemic sclerosis. , 2008, Chest.

[157]  R. Bache,et al.  Regulation of coronary blood flow during exercise. , 2008, Physiological reviews.

[158]  Philippe Pibarot,et al.  Restrictive annuloplasty for ischemic mitral regurgitation may induce functional mitral stenosis. , 2008, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[159]  P. Pellikka,et al.  Safety of stress echocardiography supervised by registered nurses: results of a 2-year audit of 15,404 patients. , 2008, Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography : official publication of the American Society of Echocardiography.

[160]  P. Pellikka,et al.  Myocardial contrast echocardiography in biopsy-proven primary cardiac amyloidosis. , 2008, European journal of echocardiography : the journal of the Working Group on Echocardiography of the European Society of Cardiology.

[161]  Sungha Park,et al.  Effect of geometric remodeling on left ventricular longitudinal contractile reserve in patients with hypertension. , 2008, Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography : official publication of the American Society of Echocardiography.

[162]  S. Kyrzopoulos,et al.  The role of left ventricular long axis contraction in patients with asymptomatic non-ischemic mitral valve regurgitation and normal systolic function. , 2008, International journal of cardiology.

[163]  L. Pierard,et al.  Determinants of an abnormal response to exercise in patients with asymptomatic valvular aortic stenosis. , 2007, European journal of echocardiography : the journal of the Working Group on Echocardiography of the European Society of Cardiology.

[164]  Jeroen J. Bax,et al.  Myocardial contractile reserve predicts improvement in left ventricular function after cardiac resynchronization therapy. , 2007, American heart journal.

[165]  A. Neskovic,et al.  Prognostic value of pharmacologic stress echocardiography in patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy: a prospective, head-to-head comparison between dipyridamole and dobutamine test. , 2007, Journal of cardiac failure.

[166]  Y. Jang,et al.  Value of echo-Doppler derived pulmonary vascular resistance, net-atrioventricular compliance and tricuspid annular velocity in determining exercise capacity in patients with mitral stenosis. , 2007, Circulation journal : official journal of the Japanese Circulation Society.

[167]  R. Neviere,et al.  Left Ventricular Response to Exercise in Aortic Stenosis: An Exercise Echocardiographic Study , 2007, Echocardiography.

[168]  Patricia A Pellikka,et al.  American Society of Echocardiography recommendations for performance, interpretation, and application of stress echocardiography. , 2007, Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography : official publication of the American Society of Echocardiography.

[169]  D. Panagiotakos,et al.  Dobutamine stress echocardiography for the evaluation of cardiac reserve late after Fontan operation. , 2007, Hellenic journal of cardiology : HJC = Hellenike kardiologike epitheorese.

[170]  M. Henein,et al.  Effect of chronic afterload increase on left ventricular myocardial function in patients with congenital left-sided obstructive lesions. , 2007, The American journal of cardiology.

[171]  L. Pierard,et al.  Stress testing in valve disease , 2007, Heart.

[172]  G. de Simone,et al.  Impaired inotropic response in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a strain rate imaging study. , 2007, American journal of hypertension.

[173]  E. Picano,et al.  The independent prognostic value of contractile and coronary flow reserve determined by dipyridamole stress echocardiography in patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. , 2007, The American journal of cardiology.

[174]  V. Noble,et al.  Chest ultrasonography for the diagnosis and monitoring of high-altitude pulmonary edema. , 2007, Chest.

[175]  M. Sherrid,et al.  Effect of obstruction on longitudinal left ventricular shortening in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. , 2007, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[176]  Helmut Baumgartner,et al.  Guidelines on the management of valvular heart disease The Task Force on the Management of Valvular Heart Disease of the European Society of Cardiology , 2007 .

[177]  D. Kass,et al.  Impaired Chronotropic and Vasodilator Reserves Limit Exercise Capacity in Patients With Heart Failure and a Preserved Ejection Fraction , 2006, Circulation.

[178]  L. Vanhees,et al.  The future of adult patients after Mustard or Senning repair for transposition of the great arteries. , 2006, International journal of cardiology.

[179]  E. Picano,et al.  Safety of stress echocardiography (from the International Stress Echo Complication Registry). , 2006, The American journal of cardiology.

[180]  G. Martinelli,et al.  Early reduction in left ventricular contractile reserve detected by dobutamine stress echo predicts high-dose chemotherapy-induced cardiac toxicity. , 2006, International journal of cardiology.

[181]  J. Sharman,et al.  Diastolic stress echocardiography: hemodynamic validation and clinical significance of estimation of ventricular filling pressure with exercise. , 2006, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[182]  C. Tribouilloy,et al.  Influence of Preoperative Left Ventricular Contractile Reserve on Postoperative Ejection Fraction in Low-Gradient Aortic Stenosis , 2006, Circulation.

[183]  P. Pellikka,et al.  Determining myocardial viability in chronic ischemic left ventricular dysfunction: a prospective comparison of rest-redistribution thallium 201 single-photon emission computed tomography, nitroglycerin-dobutamine echocardiography, and intracoronary myocardial contrast echocardiography. , 2006, American heart journal.

[184]  E. Picano,et al.  Assessment of stress-induced pulmonary interstitial edema by chest ultrasound during exercise echocardiography and its correlation with left ventricular function. , 2006, Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography : official publication of the American Society of Echocardiography.

[185]  E. Picano,et al.  Ultrasound lung comets: a clinically useful sign of extravascular lung water. , 2006, Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography : official publication of the American Society of Echocardiography.

[186]  H. Baumgartner,et al.  Projected Valve Area at Normal Flow Rate Improves the Assessment of Stenosis Severity in Patients With Low-Flow, Low-Gradient Aortic Stenosis: The Multicenter TOPAS (Truly or Pseudo-Severe Aortic Stenosis) Study , 2006, Circulation.

[187]  T. Marwick,et al.  Functional and prognostic implications of left ventricular contractile reserve in patients with asymptomatic severe mitral regurgitation , 2005, Heart.

[188]  A. Djordjević-Dikić,et al.  Exercise-induced changes in mitral regurgitation in patients with prior myocardial infarction and left ventricular dysfunction: relation to mitral deformation and left ventricular function and shape. , 2005, European heart journal.

[189]  M. Simon,et al.  Prognostic Importance of Quantitative Exercise Doppler Echocardiography in Asymptomatic Valvular Aortic Stenosis , 2005, Circulation.

[190]  M. Henein,et al.  Effect of dobutamine stress on left ventricular filling in ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy: pathophysiology and prognostic implications. , 2005, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[191]  A. Neskovic,et al.  The additive prognostic value of restrictive pattern and dipyridamole‐induced contractile reserve in idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy , 2005, European journal of heart failure.

[192]  L. Pierard,et al.  Long-term outcome of patients with heart failure and dynamic functional mitral regurgitation. , 2005, European heart journal.

[193]  B. Carabello.  Modern management of mitral stenosis. , 2005, Circulation.

[194]  Y. Takahara,et al.  Mitral stenosis after mitral valve repair using the duran flexible annuloplasty ring for degenerative mitral regurgitation. , 2005, The Journal of heart valve disease.

[195]  E. Grünig,et al.  Identification of individuals susceptible to high-altitude pulmonary oedema at low altitude , 2005, European Respiratory Journal.

[196]  J. Seward,et al.  Diastolic stress echocardiography: a novel noninvasive diagnostic test for diastolic dysfunction using supine bicycle exercise Doppler echocardiography. , 2005, Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography : official publication of the American Society of Echocardiography.

[197]  J. Tijssen,et al.  Disparity between dobutamine stress and physical exercise magnetic resonance imaging in patients with an intra-atrial correction for transposition of the great arteries. , 2005, Journal of cardiovascular magnetic resonance : official journal of the Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance.

[198]  L. Pierard,et al.  The role of ischemic mitral regurgitation in the pathogenesis of acute pulmonary edema. , 2004, The New England journal of medicine.

[199]  M. Henein,et al.  Relation of Biventricular Function Quantified by Stress Echocardiography to Cardiopulmonary Exercise Capacity in Adults With Mustard (Atrial Switch) Procedure for Transposition of the Great Arteries , 2004, Circulation.

[200]  E. Agricola,et al.  Stress echocardiography in heart failure , 2004, Cardiovascular Ultrasound.

[201]  D. Bello,et al.  Relation between contractile reserve and improvement in left ventricular function with beta-blocker therapy in patients with heart failure secondary to ischemic or idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. , 2004, The American journal of cardiology.

[202]  M. S. Motta,et al.  Dobutamine stress echocardiography for noninvasive assessment and risk stratification of patients with rheumatic mitral stenosis. , 2004, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[203]  M. Cheitlin.  Stress echocardiography in mitral stenosis: when is it useful? , 2004, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[204]  L. Pierard,et al.  Determinants of exercise-induced changes in mitral regurgitation in patients with coronary artery disease and left ventricular dysfunction. , 2003, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[205]  F. Jamal,et al.  Alteration of the left ventricular contractile reserve in heart transplant patients: a dobutamine stress strain rate imaging study , 2003 .

[206]  A. DeMaria,et al.  Myocardial Contractile Reserve by Dobutamine Stress Echocardiography Predicts Improvement in Ejection Fraction With &bgr;-Blockade in Patients With Heart Failure: The &bgr;-Blocker Evaluation of Survival Trial (BEST) , 2003, Circulation.

[207]  L. Pierard,et al.  Prognostic Importance of Exercise-Induced Changes in Mitral Regurgitation in Patients With Chronic Ischemic Left Ventricular Dysfunction , 2003, Circulation.

[208]  M. Henein,et al.  Differentiation of Ischemic From Nonischemic Cardiomyopathy During Dobutamine Stress by Left Ventricular Long-Axis Function: Additional Effect of Left Bundle-Branch Block , 2003, Circulation.

[209]  C. Tribouilloy,et al.  Low‐Gradient Aortic Stenosis Operative Risk Stratification and Predictors for Long‐Term Outcome: A Multicenter Study Using Dobutamine Stress Hemodynamics , 2003, Circulation.

[210]  Thomas H Marwick,et al.  Relationship of ventricular longitudinal function to contractile reserve in patients with mitral regurgitation. , 2003, American heart journal.

[211]  J. Seward,et al.  Effects of treadmill exercise on mitral inflow and annular velocities in healthy adults. , 2003, The American journal of cardiology.

[212]  D. DeMets,et al.  Effect of Carvedilol on the Morbidity of Patients With Severe Chronic Heart Failure: Results of the Carvedilol Prospective Randomized Cumulative Survival (COPERNICUS) Study , 2002, Circulation.

[213]  B. Gerber,et al.  Contribution of Exercise-Induced Mitral Regurgitation to Exercise Stroke Volume and Exercise Capacity in Patients With Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction , 2002, Circulation.

[214]  A. Hagège,et al.  Myocardial contractile reserve under low doses of dobutamine and improvement of left ventricular ejection fraction with treatment by carvedilol , 2002, European journal of heart failure.

[215]  J. Kasprzak,et al.  Prognostic value of low-dose dobutamine echocardiography in patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. , 2002, Chest.

[216]  E. Picano,et al.  Prognostic significance of the dobutamine echocardiography test in idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. , 2001, The American journal of cardiology.

[217]  L. Pierard,et al.  Quantitation of functional mitral regurgitation during bicycle exercise in patients with heart failure. , 2001, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[218]  P. Pellikka,et al.  Utility of stress Doppler echocardiography in patients undergoing percutaneous mitral balloon valvotomy. , 2001, Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography : official publication of the American Society of Echocardiography.

[219]  S. Adamopoulos,et al.  Dobutamine echocardiographic study in patients with nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy and prognostically borderline values of peak exercise oxygen consumption: 18-month follow-up study. , 2001, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[220]  A. Fraser,et al.  Assessment of left ventricular long axis contraction can detect early myocardial dysfunction in asymptomatic patients with severe aortic regurgitation , 2001, Heart.

[221]  W. Williams,et al.  Mitral regurgitation in hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy: relationship to obstruction and relief with myectomy. , 2000, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[222]  T. Marwick,et al.  Exercise echocardiography predicts development of left ventricular dysfunction in medically and surgically treated patients with asymptomatic severe aortic regurgitation , 2000, Heart.

[223]  E. Schwammenthal,et al.  Impact of Atrioventricular Compliance on Pulmonary Artery Pressure in Mitral Stenosis: An Exercise Echocardiographic Study , 2000, Circulation.

[224]  J Z Ayanian,et al.  American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Clinical Competence Statement on Stress Testing. A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association/American College of Physicians-American Society of Internal Medicine Task Force on Clinical Competence. , 2000, Circulation.

[225]  M. Franchini,et al.  Dobutamine stress echocardiography and thallium-201 SPECT for detecting ischaemic dilated cardiomyopathy in patients with heart failure. , 2000, European journal of echocardiography : the journal of the Working Group on Echocardiography of the European Society of Cardiology.

[226]  P. Rizzon,et al.  Low-dose dobutamine responsiveness in idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy: relation to exercise capacity and clinical outcome. , 2000, European heart journal.

[227]  E. Picano,et al.  Dobutamine Stress Echocardiography , 2000, Drug safety.

[228]  W. Hildebrandt,et al.  Stress Doppler echocardiography for identification of susceptibility to high altitude pulmonary edema. , 2000, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[229]  E. Picano,et al.  Fatal ventricular fibrillation during a low-dose dobutamine stress test. , 2000, The American journal of medicine.

[230]  W. Mahle,et al.  Impact of early ventricular unloading on exercise performance in preadolescents with single ventricle Fontan physiology. , 1999, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[231]  P. Pibarot,et al.  Hemodynamic and physical performance during maximal exercise in patients with an aortic bioprosthetic valve: comparison of stentless versus stented bioprostheses. , 1999, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[232]  J. Heo,et al.  Comparison of dobutamine echocardiography, dobutamine sestamibi, and rest-redistribution thallium-201 single-photon emission computed tomography for determining contractile reserve and myocardial ischemia in ischemic cardiomyopathy. , 1999, The American journal of cardiology.

[233]  M. Verani,et al.  Relation of the contractile reserve of hibernating myocardium to myocardial structure in humans. , 1999, Circulation.

[234]  Fach,et al.  Effect of metoprolol CR/XL in chronic heart failure: Metoprolol CR/XL Randomised Intervention Trial in-Congestive Heart Failure (MERIT-HF) , 1999, The Lancet.

[235]  D. Levy,et al.  Congestive heart failure in subjects with normal versus reduced left ventricular ejection fraction: prevalence and mortality in a population-based cohort. , 1999, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[236]  M. Rubenfire,et al.  Range of tricuspid regurgitation velocity at rest and during exercise in normal adult men: implications for the diagnosis of pulmonary hypertension. , 1999, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[237]  P. Pibarot,et al.  Usefulness of the indexed effective orifice area at rest in predicting an increase in gradient during maximum exercise in patients with a bioprosthesis in the aortic valve position. , 1999, The American journal of cardiology.

[238]  J. Seward,et al.  Dobutamine stress Doppler hemodynamics in patients with aortic stenosis: feasibility, safety, and surgical correlations. , 1998, American heart journal.

[239]  K. Bailey,et al.  Congestive heart failure in the community: a study of all incident cases in Olmsted County, Minnesota, in 1991. , 1998, Circulation.

[240]  H. Kreisman,et al.  Evaluation of right ventricular systolic pressure during incremental exercise by Doppler echocardiography in adults with atrial septal defect. , 1998, Chest.

[241]  J. Gorcsan,et al.  Quantification of the myocardial response to low-dose dobutamine using tissue Doppler echocardiographic measures of velocity and velocity gradient. , 1998, The American journal of cardiology.

[242]  I. Narabayashi,et al.  Iodine-123 metaiodobenzylguanidine myocardial scintigraphy for prediction of response to beta-blocker therapy in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy. , 1997, American heart journal.

[243]  F. Wyler,et al.  Doppler Echocardiography During Exercise to Predict Residual Narrowing of the Aorta After Coarctation Resection , 1996, Pediatric Cardiology.

[244]  Y. Sugishita,et al.  Response to isoproterenol as a prognostic indicator of evolution from hypertrophic cardiomyopathy to a phase resembling dilated cardiomyopathy. , 1995, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[245]  James D. Thomas,et al.  763-5 Provocation of Latent Left Ventricular Outflow Tract Gradients with Amyl Nitrite and Exercise in Patients with Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy , 1995 .

[246]  C. Yancy,et al.  Usefulness of dobutamine echocardiography in distinguishing severe from nonsevere valvular aortic stenosis in patients with depressed left ventricular function and low transvalvular gradients. , 1995, The American journal of cardiology.

[247]  M. LeWinter,et al.  Observations suggesting a high incidence of exercise-induced severe mitral regurgitation in patients with mild rheumatic mitral valve disease at rest. , 1995, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[248]  E. Picano,et al.  Safety and tolerability of dobutamine-atropine stress echocardiography: a prospective, multicentre study , 1994, The Lancet.

[249]  E. Cheriex,et al.  Value of exercise Doppler-echocardiography in patients with mitral stenosis. , 1994, International journal of cardiology.

[250]  K. Bailey,et al.  Dynamic Intraventricular Obstruction During Dobutamine Stress Echocardiography: A New Observation , 1992, Circulation.

[251]  B. Gersh,et al.  The Clinical Course of Idiopathic Dilated Cardiomyopathy , 1992, Annals of Internal Medicine.

[252]  B. Maron,et al.  Development and Determinants of Dynamic Obstruction to Left Ventricular Outflow in Young Patients With Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy , 1992, Circulation.

[253]  A. J. Dunning,et al.  Value of exercise Doppler echocardiography in patients with prosthetic or bioprosthetic cardiac valves. , 1992, The American journal of cardiology.

[254]  R. Bonow,et al.  Serial Long‐term Assessment of the Natural History of Asymptomatic Patients With Chronic Aortic Regurgitation and Normal Left Ventricular Systolic Function , 1991, Circulation.

[255]  Noninvasive Evaluation of Pulmonary Artery Pressure During Exercise by Saline-Enhanced Doppler Echocardiography in Chronic Pulmonary Disease , 1989 .

[256]  R. Woodruff,et al.  Rest and exercise evaluation of St. Jude Medical and Medtronic Hall prostheses. Influence of primary lesion, valvular type, valvular size, and left ventricular function. , 1989, Circulation.

[257]  N. Dean,et al.  Noninvasive Evaluation of Pulmonary Artery Pressure During Exercise by Saline-Enhanced Doppler Echocardiography in Chronic Pulmonary Disease , 1989, Circulation.

[258]  M. Crawford,et al.  Differing mechanisms of exercise flow augmentation at the mitral and aortic valves. , 1988, Circulation.

[259]  A. Jánosi,et al.  Pulmonary artery pressure and oxygen consumption measurement during supine bicycle exercise. , 1988, Chest.

[260]  B. Rubal,et al.  Left ventricular performance of the athletic heart during upright exercise: a heart rate-controlled study. , 1986, Medicine and science in sports and exercise.

[261]  C. G. Blomqvist,et al.  Left Ventricular Performance in Normal Subjects: A Comparison of the Responses to Exercise in the Upright and Supine Positions , 1980, Circulation.

[262]  P. Walser,et al.  Normal Values for Pulmonary Hemodynamics at Rest and during Exercise in Man , 1975 .