Weather Derivatives and Weather Risk Management

Weather derivatives are a relatively recent kind of financial product developed to manage weather risks, and currently the weather derivatives market is the fastest-growing derivative market. The development of weather derivatives represents one of the recent trends toward the convergence of insurance and finance. This article presents an overview of weather risks, weather derivatives, and the weather derivatives market, and examines the valuation of weather derivatives in an incomplete market, the hedging effectiveness of standardized weather derivatives, as well as optimal weather hedging with the consideration of basis risk and credit risk.

[1]  Stephen Figlewski,et al.  Hedging Performance and Basis Risk in Stock Index Futures , 1984 .

[2]  Erik D Craft,et al.  The Value of Weather Information Services for Nineteenth- Century Great Lakes Shipping , 1998 .

[3]  R. Roll Orange Juice and Weather , 1984 .

[4]  D. Hobson Option Pricing In Incomplete Markets , 2007 .

[5]  John A. Major Index Hedge Performance: Insurer Market Penetration and Basis Risk , 1999 .

[6]  Richard D. Phillips,et al.  REGULATORY SOLVENCY PREDICTION IN PROPERTY-LIABILITY INSURANCE: RISK-BASED CAPITAL, AUDIT RATIOS, AND CASH FLOW SIMULATION By , 1999 .

[7]  Charles S. Tapiero,et al.  Insurance premiums and default risk in mutual insurance , 1986 .

[8]  N. Karoui,et al.  Dynamic Programming and Pricing of Contingent Claims in an Incomplete Market , 1995 .

[9]  Mark H. A. Davis Pricing weather derivatives by marginal value , 2001 .

[10]  James M. Carson,et al.  Evaluating the risk of life insurer insolvency: implications from the US for the European Union , 2000 .

[11]  Billy P. Helms,et al.  An examination of basis risk due to estimation , 1990 .

[12]  Hans Föllmer,et al.  Efficient hedging: Cost versus shortfall risk , 2000, Finance Stochastics.

[13]  Edward M. Saunders Stock Prices and Wall Street Weather , 1993 .

[14]  R. Jarrow,et al.  Pricing Derivatives on Financial Securities Subject to Credit Risk , 1995 .

[15]  A. Saunders,et al.  Credit risk measurement: Developments over the last 20 years , 1997 .

[16]  Richard D. Phillips,et al.  THE BASIS RISK OF CATASTROPHIC-LOSS INDEX SECURITIES , 2002 .

[17]  R. Jarrow,et al.  Counterparty Risk and the Pricing of Defaultable Securities , 1999 .

[18]  R. C. Merton,et al.  Continuous-Time Finance , 1990 .

[19]  D. Duffie,et al.  Mean-variance hedging in continuous time , 1991 .

[20]  Herb Johnson,et al.  The Pricing of Options with Default Risk , 1987 .

[21]  Ex Ante Basis Risk in the Live Hog Futures Contract: Has Hedgers' Risk Increased? , 1996 .

[22]  R. Lucas ASSET PRICES IN AN EXCHANGE ECONOMY , 1978 .

[23]  T. Schneeweis,et al.  The Hedging Effectiveness Of Foreign Currency Futures , 1982 .

[24]  D. Sondermann Hedging of non-redundant contingent claims , 1985 .

[25]  R. MacMinn Risk and Choice: A Perspective on the Integration of Finance and Insurance , 2000 .

[26]  Jack S. K. Chang,et al.  Hedging effectiveness of currency options and currency futures , 1986 .

[27]  H. Schlesinger,et al.  Rational Insurance Purchasing: Consideration of Contract Nonperformance , 1990 .

[28]  Hans U. Gerber A.S.A.,et al.  Utility Functions: From Risk Theory to Finance , 1998 .

[29]  M. Schweizer Option hedging for semimartingales , 1991 .

[30]  L. Ederington,et al.  The Hedging Performance of the New Futures Markets , 1979 .

[31]  Melanie Cao,et al.  Equilibrium Valuation of Weather Derivatives ¤ , 2000 .

[32]  O. Mahul Hedging in Futures and Options Markets with Basis Risk , 2002 .

[33]  L. Zeng,et al.  Pricing Weather Derivatives , 2000 .

[34]  Edward I. Altman,et al.  FINANCIAL RATIOS, DISCRIMINANT ANALYSIS AND THE PREDICTION OF CORPORATE BANKRUPTCY , 1968 .

[35]  Damien Lamberton,et al.  Residual risks and hedging strategies in Markovian markets , 1989 .

[36]  Lisa A. Kramer,et al.  Losing Sleep at the Market: The Daylight Saving Anomaly: Reply , 2000 .

[37]  Charles C. Yang,et al.  Portfolio Effects and Valuation of Weather Derivatives , 2006 .

[38]  D. Hirshleifer,et al.  Good Day Sunshine: Stock Returns and the Weather , 2001 .

[39]  S. Harrington,et al.  Basis Risk with PCS Catastrophe Insurance Derivative Contracts , 1999 .

[40]  J. David Cummins,et al.  Optimal Insurance With Divergent Beliefs About Insurer Total Default Risk , 2003 .

[41]  Orit Gadiesh,et al.  Getting the price right , 2001 .

[42]  J. Miffre The Conditional Price of Basis Risk: An Investigation Using Foreign Exchange Instruments , 2004 .

[43]  Thaleia Zariphopoulou,et al.  Pricing Dynamic Insurance Risks Using the Principle of Equivalent Utility , 2002 .

[44]  Martin Schweizer,et al.  Hedging of options in a general semimartingale model , 1988 .

[45]  Mark H. A. Davis,et al.  European option pricing with transaction costs , 1993 .

[46]  Andreas Müller,et al.  Weather Derivatives: A Risk Management Tool for Weather-sensitive Industries , 2000 .

[47]  Stephen P. D'Arcy,et al.  Catastrophe Futures: A Better Hedge for Insurers , 1992 .

[48]  Steven V. Mann,et al.  Insurer Capital Structure Decisions and the Viability of Insurance Derivatives , 1995 .

[49]  N. Doherty,et al.  Moral Hazard, Basis Risk, and Gap Insurance , 2002 .

[50]  Clifford W. Smith,et al.  Derivatives regulation: Implications for central banks , 1997 .

[51]  Jak Sa Cvitani Minimizing Expected Loss of Hedging in Incomplete and Constrained Markets , 1998 .

[52]  Mark G. Castelino Hedge effectiveness: Basis risk and minimum‐variance hedging , 2000 .

[53]  W. Cooper,et al.  A Neural Network Method for Obtaining an Early Warning of Insurer Insolvency , 1994 .

[54]  Lisa A. Kramer,et al.  Losing Sleep at the Market: The Daylight-Savings Anomaly , 1999 .

[55]  F. Black,et al.  The Pricing of Options and Corporate Liabilities , 1973, Journal of Political Economy.

[56]  G. Phillips,et al.  Financing Policy, Basis Risk, and Corporate Hedging: Evidence from Oil and Gas Producers , 2000 .