FUEL CELLS – PROTON-EXCHANGE MEMBRANE FUEL CELLS | Dynamic Operational Conditions

The dynamics of proton-exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) taking place in different time and spatial scales are discussed. First, the processes taking place at the cell level are described, namely, double-layer charging, charge transfer, and mass transport. In addition, transients associated with humidification of membranes and catalyst poisoning are examined. At the stack level, heat transfer and gas distribution determine the dynamics of fuel cells and the consequences are considered. The system level encounters transient limitations due to different subsystems, in particular, the fuel supply, the air supply, the heat management, and the control of the system. The methods to measure and determine dynamic processes are described with a focus on the time domain and frequency domain responses of fuel cell and the corresponding methodology. Finally, selected experimental examples for different dynamic behaviors and measurements on all scales are presented.

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