Inference Attacks Against Collaborative Learning

Collaborative machine learning and related techniques such as distributed and federated learning allow multiple participants, each with his own training dataset, to build a joint model. Participants train local models and periodically exchange model parameters or gradient updates computed during the training. We demonstrate that the training data used by participants in collaborative learning is vulnerable to inference attacks. First, we show that an adversarial participant can infer the presence of exact data points in others' training data (i.e., membership inference). Then, we demonstrate that the adversary can infer properties that hold only for a subset of the training data and are independent of the properties that the joint model aims to capture. We evaluate the efficacy of our attacks on a variety of tasks, datasets, and learning configurations, and conclude with a discussion of possible defenses.