A general approach to TMA observability from angle and frequency measurements

The state-observability problem for passive target tracking by angle and/or frequency measurements is analyzed. The method used is independent of the target model and can be specialized to arbitrary models in a systematic way. As an example, the general Nth-order dynamics target model has been discussed. In this way the previously established necessary and sufficient observability conditions are rederived in a much simpler way and extended to more general cases.