Immunohistochemical expression of embryonal marker TRA‐1–60 in carcinoma in situ and germ cell tumors of the testis

Background. Testicular cancer is preceded by the noninvasive stage of carcinoma in situ (CIS). According to a recent hypothesis, testicular CIA cells are germ cells transformed in fetal life. The idea of an embryonal origin of testicular germ cell neoplasia would be strengthened by the finding of antigenic similarity between fetal germ cells, CIS cells, and invasive testicular germ cell tumors.

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