Bandit Algorithms for Tree Search

We present an object class detection approach which fully integrates the complementary strengths offered by shape matchers. Like an object detector, it can learn class models directly from images, and can localize novel instances in the presence of intra-class variations, clutter, and scale changes. Like a shape matcher, it finds the boundaries of objects, rather than just their bounding-boxes. This is achieved by a novel technique for learning a shape model of an object class given images of example instances. Furthermore, we also integrate Hough-style voting with a non-rigid point matching algorithm to localize the model in cluttered images. As demonstrated by an extensive evaluation, our method can localize object boundaries accurately and does not need segmented examples for training (only bounding-boxes).

[1]  Ralph Roskies,et al.  Fourier Descriptors for Plane Closed Curves , 1972, IEEE Transactions on Computers.

[2]  D. Marr,et al.  Representation and recognition of the spatial organization of three-dimensional shapes , 1978, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B. Biological Sciences.

[3]  Farzin Mokhtarian,et al.  Scale-Based Description and Recognition of Planar Curves and Two-Dimensional Shapes , 1986, IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence.

[4]  I. Biederman Recognition-by-components: a theory of human image understanding. , 1987, Psychological review.

[5]  S. Ullman Aligning pictorial descriptions: An approach to object recognition , 1989, Cognition.

[6]  Yehezkel Lamdan,et al.  Affine invariant model-based object recognition , 1990, IEEE Trans. Robotics Autom..

[7]  Alex Pentland,et al.  Closed-form solutions for physically-based shape modeling and recognition , 1991, Proceedings. 1991 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition.

[8]  Timothy F. Cootes,et al.  Active shape models , 1998 .

[9]  Timothy F. Cootes,et al.  Active Shape Models-Their Training and Application , 1995, Comput. Vis. Image Underst..

[10]  Christopher J. Taylor,et al.  A Method of Non-Rigid Correspondence for AutomaticLandmark Identification , 1996, BMVC.

[11]  Steven Gold,et al.  A Graduated Assignment Algorithm for Graph Matching , 1996, IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell..

[12]  B. Kimia,et al.  Symmetry-based indexing of image databases , 1998, Proceedings. IEEE Workshop on Content-Based Access of Image and Video Libraries (Cat. No.98EX173).

[13]  Ronen Basri,et al.  Determining the similarity of deformable shapes , 1998, Vision Research.

[14]  Dariu Gavrila,et al.  Multi-feature hierarchical template matching using distance transforms , 1998, Proceedings. Fourteenth International Conference on Pattern Recognition (Cat. No.98EX170).

[15]  Daphna Weinshall,et al.  Flexible Syntactic Matching of Curves and Its Application to Automatic Hierarchical Classification of Silhouettes , 1999, IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell..

[16]  John E. Hummel,et al.  Where View-based Theories Break Down: The Role of Structure in Shape Perception and Object Recognition , 2000 .

[17]  Tim Cootes,et al.  An Introduction to Active Shape Models , 2000 .

[18]  Shimon Ullman,et al.  Class-Specific, Top-Down Segmentation , 2002, ECCV.

[19]  Daniel Cremers,et al.  Nonlinear Shape Statistics in Mumford-Shah Based Segmentation , 2002, ECCV.

[20]  Pedro F. Felzenszwalb Representation and detection of deformable shapes , 2003, 2003 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, 2003. Proceedings..

[21]  Pietro Perona,et al.  Object class recognition by unsupervised scale-invariant learning , 2003, 2003 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, 2003. Proceedings..

[22]  Anand Rangarajan,et al.  A new point matching algorithm for non-rigid registration , 2003, Comput. Vis. Image Underst..

[23]  Jitendra Malik,et al.  Learning to detect natural image boundaries using local brightness, color, and texture cues , 2004, IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence.

[24]  C. Schmid,et al.  Scale-invariant shape features for recognition of object categories , 2004, CVPR 2004.

[25]  A. Torralba,et al.  Sharing features: efficient boosting procedures for multiclass object detection , 2004, Proceedings of the 2004 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, 2004. CVPR 2004..

[26]  Bernt Schiele,et al.  Scale-Invariant Object Categorization Using a Scale-Adaptive Mean-Shift Search , 2004, DAGM-Symposium.

[27]  Antonio Torralba,et al.  Sharing features: efficient boosting procedures for multiclass object detection , 2004, CVPR 2004.

[28]  C. Schmid,et al.  Scale-invariant shape features for recognition of object categories , 2004, Proceedings of the 2004 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, 2004. CVPR 2004..

[29]  Philip N. Klein,et al.  Recognition of shapes by editing their shock graphs , 2004, IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence.

[30]  Jitendra Malik,et al.  Shape matching and object recognition using low distortion correspondences , 2005, 2005 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR'05).

[31]  Nebojsa Jojic,et al.  LOCUS: learning object classes with unsupervised segmentation , 2005, Tenth IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV'05) Volume 1.

[32]  Andrew Blake,et al.  Contour-based learning for object detection , 2005, Tenth IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV'05) Volume 1.

[33]  Pedro F. Felzenszwalb Representation and detection of deformable shapes , 2003, 2003 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, 2003. Proceedings..

[34]  Bill Triggs,et al.  Histograms of oriented gradients for human detection , 2005, 2005 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR'05).

[35]  Bernt Schiele,et al.  Towards Unsupervised Discovery of Visual Categories , 2006, DAGM-Symposium.

[36]  Andrew Zisserman,et al.  A Boundary-Fragment-Model for Object Detection , 2006, ECCV.

[37]  Luc Van Gool,et al.  Object Detection by Contour Segment Networks , 2006, ECCV.

[38]  Deva Ramanan,et al.  Learning to parse images of articulated bodies , 2006, NIPS.

[39]  Luc Van Gool,et al.  Edinburgh Research Explorer Simultaneous Object Recognition and Segmentation by Image Exploration , 2022 .

[40]  Jitendra Malik,et al.  Shape Matching and Object Recognition , 2006, Toward Category-Level Object Recognition.

[41]  Daphne Koller,et al.  Learning Object Shape: From Drawings to Images , 2006, 2006 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR'06).

[42]  Jamie Shotton,et al.  The Layout Consistent Random Field for Recognizing and Segmenting Partially Occluded Objects , 2006, 2006 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR'06).

[43]  Luc Van Gool,et al.  Efficient Mining of Frequent and Distinctive Feature Configurations , 2007, 2007 IEEE 11th International Conference on Computer Vision.

[44]  Andrew Zisserman,et al.  An Exemplar Model for Learning Object Classes , 2007, 2007 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition.

[45]  Cordelia Schmid,et al.  Accurate Object Detection with Deformable Shape Models Learnt from Images , 2007, 2007 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition.

[46]  Gang Song,et al.  Untangling Cycles for Contour Grouping , 2007, 2007 IEEE 11th International Conference on Computer Vision.

[47]  Joshua D. Schwartz,et al.  Hierarchical Matching of Deformable Shapes , 2007, 2007 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition.

[48]  Martial Hebert,et al.  Beyond Local Appearance: Category Recognition from Pairwise Interactions of Simple Features , 2007, 2007 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition.

[49]  Frédéric Jurie,et al.  Groups of Adjacent Contour Segments for Object Detection , 2008, IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell..

[50]  Bernt Schiele,et al.  Decomposition, discovery and detection of visual categories using topic models , 2008, 2008 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition.

[51]  Anurag Mittal,et al.  Multi-stage Contour Based Detection of Deformable Objects , 2008, ECCV.

[52]  Jianbo Shi,et al.  Contour Context Selection for Object Detection: A Set-to-Set Contour Matching Approach , 2008, ECCV.

[53]  Kalpana C. Jondhale,et al.  Shape matching and object recognition using shape contexts , 2010 .

[54]  Jitendra Malik,et al.  Shape matching and object recognition using shape contexts , 2010, 2010 3rd International Conference on Computer Science and Information Technology.