Battery switch station as storage system in an autonomous power system: Optimization issue

Due to the high volatility of the oil price, cars producers have been motivated to find new solutions for reducing or eliminating the use of fossil fuel. In the last few years, hybrid vehicles (combustion engine combined with an electric motor) and full electric vehicles (EVs) have been designed and commercialized with relatively good success. Both technologies use batteries to drive an electric motor. Nowadays there are two main options for charging the batteries: ▪ Through the direct connection of the vehicles to the grid, so called V2G ▪ Through a battery switch station (BSS), where the empty batteries are replaced with charged batteries.