Abiotic Section of ELM

A simulation model for abiotic variables influencing grassland ecosystems including water flow and temperature profile submodels is presented. The water-flow submodel treats flow in the plant canopy and soil, while the temperature submodel includes solar radiation, canopy air temperature, and soil temperature. The atmospheric driving variables are either daily weather observations or stochastic weather-simulator results. A preliminary validation of the model has been performed.

[1]  I. Gringorten A Stochastic Model of the Frequency and Duration of Weather Events , 1966 .

[2]  K. Gabriel,et al.  A Markov chain model for daily rainfall occurrence at Tel Aviv , 1962 .

[3]  R. H. Shaw,et al.  Availability of Soil Water to Plants as Affected by Soil Moisture Content and Meteorological Conditions1 , 1962 .

[4]  F. Massey,et al.  Introduction to Statistical Analysis , 1970 .

[5]  E. R. Lemon,et al.  The Potentialities for Decreasing Soil Moisture Evaporation Loss1 , 1956 .

[6]  O. R. Clark Interception of Rainfall by Prairie Grasses, Weeds, and Certain Crop Plants , 1940 .

[7]  W. R. Gardner Relation of Root Distribution to Water Uptake and Availability1 , 1964 .

[8]  Multicapacity basin accounting for predicting runoff from storm precipitation , 1962 .

[9]  H. L. Penman Natural evaporation from open water, bare soil and grass , 1948, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A. Mathematical and Physical Sciences.

[10]  A MARKOV CHAIN MODEL FOR THE PROBABILITY OF PRECIPITATION OCCURRENCE IN INTERVALS OF VARIOUS LENGTH , 1963 .

[11]  J. Květ,et al.  Assessment of leaf area and other assimilating plant surfaces , 1971 .

[12]  W. Langbein Computing soil temperatures , 1949 .

[13]  D. H. Knight Leaf Area Dynamics of a Shortgrass Prairie in Colorado , 1973 .

[14]  P. Risser,et al.  Canopy structure of a tall-grass prairie , 1974 .

[15]  William P. Lowry,et al.  MARKOV CHAINS OF ORDER GREATER THAN ONE , 1968 .

[16]  P. Waggoner,et al.  Simulating both aerial microclimate and soil temperature from observations above the foliar canopy , 1972 .

[17]  P. Jarvis,et al.  Plant photosynthetic production. Manual of methods. , 1971 .

[18]  E. B. Penrod,et al.  Soil Temperature Variation (1952–1956) at Lexington, Kentucky , 1960 .

[19]  E. H. Wiser Monte Carlo Methods Applied to Precipitation-Frequency Analyses , 1966 .

[20]  P. Waggoner,et al.  Simulation of the Temperature, Humidity and Evaporation Profiles in a Leaf Canopy , 1968 .

[21]  M. N. Nimah,et al.  Model for Estimating Soil Water, Plant, and Atmospheric Interrelations: II. Field Test of Model1 , 1973 .

[22]  N. Crawford,et al.  DIGITAL SIMULATION IN HYDROLOGY' STANFORD WATERSHED MODEL 4 , 1966 .

[23]  D. W. Stewart,et al.  The Soil–Plant–Atmosphere Model and some of its Predictions , 1974 .

[24]  I. R. Cowan Transport of Water in the Soil-Plant-Atmosphere System , 1965 .

[25]  W. R. Gardner,et al.  The Prediction of Evaporation, Drainage, and Soil Water Storage for a Bare Soil , 1969 .

[26]  S. Hess Introduction to theoretical meteorology , 1959 .

[27]  S. M. Old Microclimate, Fire, and Plant Production in an Illinois Prairie , 1969 .

[28]  J. Philip EVAPORATION, AND MOISTURE AND HEAT FIELDS IN THE SOIL , 1957 .

[29]  J. T. Ritchie,et al.  Influence of Soil Water Status and Meteorological Conditions on Evaporation from a Corn Canopy1 , 1973 .

[30]  Joe T. Ritchie,et al.  Dryland Evaporative Flux in a Subhumid Climate: II. Plant Influences1 , 1971 .

[31]  Jen-hu Chang,et al.  Climate and Agriculture , 1971 .