Theory of plasma transport in toroidal confinement systems

The dissipation induced by coulomb-collisional scattering provides an irreducible minimum, and thus a useful standard for comparison, for transport processes in a hot, magnetically confined plasma. The kinetic description of this dissipation is provided by an equation of the Fokker--Planck form. Approximate solution of the Fokker--Planck equation permits the calculation of transport coeffients which linearly relate the fluxes of particles, energy, and electric charge, to the density and temperature gradients, and to the electric field. The theory relations are useful in studying the confinement properties of present and future experimental devices for research in controlled thermonuclear fusion. The relevant features of magnetic confinement in closed (toroidal) systems, and of charged particles in spatially varying fields, are derived, from first principles. Major emphasis is placed on the ''neoclassical'' theory which has been developed over the last decade. Neoclassical transport coefficients are specifically relevant to a magnetically confined plasma, rather than to just a magnetized plasma; their unusual features, such as nonlocality and geometry dependence, become particularly important in the high temperature regime of proposed thermonuclear reactors. The area of neoclassical theory which seems most complete: its application to axisymmetric tokamak-type confinement systems: is correspondingly stressed. (AIP)

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