A memristor-based circuit design of pavlov associative memory with secondary conditional reflex and its application

Abstract The existing Pavlov associative memory circuit only realizes the simple conditioned reflex process, secondary conditional reflex can make the simple conditioning process more complicated and make the circuit more bionic, but there is a lack of relevant circuit implementation. In this paper, a Pavlov associative memory circuit with secondary conditional reflex is proposed by utilizing the memristor. The proposed circuit can respond to a conditional stimulus after initial learning and have two kinds of forgetting process. Besides, this circuit can indirectly establish conditioned reflexes through conditioned stimuli, instead of directly establishing conditioned reflex with unconditioned stimulus. The realization of secondary conditional reflex is confirmed in the PSPICE simulation results. Meanwhile, an extended classification circuit based on secondary conditioned reflex is proposed. Based on the features of objects as input, the output of the circuit is used to achieve the function of classification. The accuracy of application circuit proposed in this paper can be verified by the simulation results in PSPICE.

[1]  Uri C. Weiser,et al.  TEAM: ThrEshold Adaptive Memristor Model , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers.

[2]  Liu Peng,et al.  Memristor-based neural network circuit of pavlov associative memory with dual mode switching , 2021 .

[3]  Shukai Duan,et al.  Modeling affections with memristor-based associative memory neural networks , 2017, Neurocomputing.

[4]  Zhigang Zeng,et al.  Implementation of memristive neural networks with spike-rate-dependent plasticity synapses , 2014, 2014 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN).

[5]  F. Lombardi,et al.  Design of a Hybrid Memory Cell Using Memristance and Ambipolarity , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Nanotechnology.

[6]  L.O. Chua,et al.  Memristive devices and systems , 1976, Proceedings of the IEEE.

[7]  Eby G. Friedman,et al.  VTEAM – A General Model for Voltage Controlled Memristors , 2014 .

[8]  Liang Zhao,et al.  Novel circuit designs of memristor synapse and neuron , 2019, Neurocomputing.

[9]  Zhihua Wang,et al.  Non-spike timing-dependent plasticity learning mechanism for memristive neural networks , 2020, Appl. Intell..

[10]  Zhigang Zeng,et al.  Memristor-Based Circuit Implementations of Recognition Network and Recall Network With Forgetting Stages , 2018, IEEE Transactions on Cognitive and Developmental Systems.

[11]  Richard A. Chapman,et al.  Neural Learning Circuits Utilizing Nano-Crystalline Silicon Transistors and Memristors , 2012, IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems.

[12]  Xiaoping Wang,et al.  A Novel Memristor-Based Circuit Implementation of Full-Function Pavlov Associative Memory Accorded With Biological Feature , 2018, IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers.

[13]  Zhu Shaotong,et al.  A Clean-Slate ID/Locator Split Architecture for Future Network , 2016 .

[14]  Huamin Wang,et al.  Pavlov associative memory in a memristive neural network and its circuit implementation , 2016, Neurocomputing.

[15]  Dalibor Biolek,et al.  SPICE Model of Memristor with Nonlinear Dopant Drift , 2009 .

[16]  Lidan Wang,et al.  Implementation of circuit for reconfigurable memristive chaotic neural network and its application in associative memory , 2020, Neurocomputing.

[17]  Shukai Duan,et al.  Flexible memristor‐based LUC and its network integration for Boolean logic implementation , 2019, IET Nanodielectrics.

[18]  Masahide Matsumoto,et al.  A 130.7mm2 2-layer 32Gb ReRAM memory device in 24nm technology , 2013, 2013 IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference Digest of Technical Papers.

[19]  D. Suh,et al.  An associative memory device using a magnetic tunnel junction , 2015, 2015 IEEE Magnetics Conference (INTERMAG).

[20]  Ahmed Gomaa Radwan,et al.  Design and analysis of 2T2M hybrid CMOS-Memristor based RRAM , 2018, Microelectron. J..

[21]  Shiping Wen,et al.  A full-function Pavlov associative memory implementation with memristance changing circuit , 2018, Neurocomputing.

[22]  Eby G. Friedman,et al.  Memristive Model for Synaptic Circuits , 2017, IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs.

[23]  D. Stewart,et al.  The missing memristor found , 2008, Nature.

[24]  Xiaoping Wang,et al.  A memristor-based generalization and differentiation circuit design and the application in recognition , 2020, 2020 39th Chinese Control Conference (CCC).

[25]  X. Miao,et al.  Associative Learning with Temporal Contiguity in a Memristive Circuit for Large‐Scale Neuromorphic Networks , 2015 .

[26]  Yichuang Sun,et al.  Weighted sum synchronization of memristive coupled neural networks , 2020, Neurocomputing.

[27]  Zhigang Zeng,et al.  Design of In-Situ Learning Bidirectional Associative Memory Neural Network Circuit With Memristor Synapse , 2021, IEEE Transactions on Emerging Topics in Computational Intelligence.

[28]  Yihua Hu,et al.  Flux–Charge Analysis of Two-Memristor-Based Chua's Circuit: Dimensionality Decreasing Model for Detecting Extreme Multistability , 2020, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[29]  Yichuang Sun,et al.  Synchronization of inertial memristive neural networks with time-varying delays via static or dynamic event-triggered control , 2020, Neurocomputing.

[30]  Massimiliano Di Ventra,et al.  Experimental demonstration of associative memory with memristive neural networks , 2009, Neural Networks.

[31]  Xiaoping Wang,et al.  Memristor-based BAM circuit implementation for image associative memory and filling-in , 2021, Neural Computing and Applications.

[32]  Xin Wang,et al.  Associate learning and correcting in a memristive neural network , 2013, Neural Computing and Applications.

[33]  Weiguo Wu,et al.  The Design of Memristive Circuit for Affective Multi-Associative Learning , 2020, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems.

[34]  I. Pavlov,et al.  Conditioned reflexes: An investigation of the physiological activity of the cerebral cortex. , 1929, Annals of neurosciences.

[35]  Yichuang Sun,et al.  A Multi-Stable Memristor and its Application in a Neural Network , 2020, IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs.

[36]  Yanfeng Wang,et al.  Memristor-Based Neural Network Circuit of Full-Function Pavlov Associative Memory With Time Delay and Variable Learning Rate , 2019, IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics.

[37]  Bocheng Bao,et al.  Hidden Bursting Firings and Bifurcation Mechanisms in Memristive Neuron Model With Threshold Electromagnetic Induction , 2020, IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems.

[38]  L. Chua.  Memristor-The missing circuit element , 1971 .

[39]  Earl E. Swartzlander,et al.  MAD Gates—Memristor Logic Design Using Driver Circuitry , 2017, IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs.

[40]  Huagan Wu,et al.  Memristor initial-boosted coexisting plane bifurcations and its extreme multi-stability reconstitution in two-memristor-based dynamical system , 2019, Science China Technological Sciences.

[41]  Yu Wang,et al.  MNSIM: Simulation Platform for Memristor-Based Neuromorphic Computing System , 2016, IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems.

[42]  Eby G. Friedman,et al.  Memristor-Based Circuit Design for Multilayer Neural Networks , 2018, IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers.

[43]  Xiaoping Wang,et al.  Memristive Circuit Design of Emotional Generation and Evolution Based on Skin-Like Sensory Processor , 2019, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems.

[44]  Chunhua Wang,et al.  A fractional-order multistable locally active memristor and its chaotic system with transient transition, state jump , 2021, Nonlinear Dynamics.

[45]  Zhigang Zeng,et al.  Implementation of Memristive Neural Network With Full-Function Pavlov Associative Memory , 2016, IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers.

[46]  Masahide Matsumoto,et al.  A 130.7-$\hbox{mm}^{2}$ 2-Layer 32-Gb ReRAM Memory Device in 24-nm Technology , 2014, IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits.

[47]  Guangyi Wang,et al.  A Memristive Neural Network Model With Associative Memory for Modeling Affections , 2018, IEEE Access.

[48]  Xiaoping Wang,et al.  A Novel Memristive Chaotic Neuron Circuit and Its Application in Chaotic Neural Networks for Associative Memory , 2021, IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems.

[49]  Leimin Wang,et al.  A New Model of Associative Memory Neural Network Based on An Improved Memristor , 2020, 2020 39th Chinese Control Conference (CCC).