Driving control of an AGV for an automated container terminal using an immunized PID controller based on cell-mediated immunity

In this article, an immunized PID (I-PID) controller using a cell-mediated immune algorithm (CMIA) is proposed to control an autonomous guided vehicle (AGV) more effectively. The proposed controller is based on the specific immune response of the biological immune system that is cell-mediated immunity. Moreover, we designed and manufactured an AGV system for an automated container terminal (ACT), and some experiments are shown to verify the performance of the proposed controller. The tracking error of the AGV driving was investigated for this purpose. As a result, the capabilities of realization and reliability were proved by comparing the response characteristics of the proposed I-PID controllers with those of conventional PID and neural network PID (NNPID) controllers.