Approche dirigée par les modèles pour le développement de systèmes multi-agents. (Model driven development approach for multiagent systems)

Les systemes multi-agents s'attaquent aux nombreuses problematiques posees actuellement dans le monde informatique telles que la distribution, l'evolution, l'adaptabilite et l'interoperabilite des systemes. Les solutions proposees par ces systemes sont prometteuses et permettent d'obtenir des systemes flexibles et evolutifs. Cependant, leur mise en oeuvre reste difficile. Ceci est du au manque de techniques d'ingenierie adaptees a ce genre de systeme et qui permettent un developpement fiable et coherent. Bien qu'il existe plusieurs propositions interessantes au niveau des methodologies, des langages de specification et des plates-formes d'implementation orientes agent, celles-ci manquent de cohesion et font ressortir plusieurs differences aussi bien au niveau de la semantique des concepts utilises mais aussi au niveau des demarches de developpement. Notre but durant cette these a ete de proposer une approche flexible et coherente supportant le developpement des systemes multiagents. Cette approche que nous baptisons ArchMDE se base sur une combinaison de l'approche centree architecture et de l'approche dirigee par les modeles. L'approche centree architecture nous permet de raisonner sur les elements qui structurent le systeme multi-agents ainsi que leurs interactions. Elle permet d'identifier les patrons architecturaux necessaires au developpement des systemes multi-agents en prenant en compte les differentes vues du systeme (vue organisationnelle, vue environnementale, etc.). L'approche orientee modeles nous permet d'exprimer de facon explicite la maniere de combiner ces patrons architecturaux afin d'avoir une representation globale du systeme multi-agents. D'autre part, IDM permet de couvrir les differentes phases du cycle de developpement en adoptant une demarche basee sur la transformation de modeles. Cette demarche permet de garantir la coherence du systeme durant les differentes phases du cycle de vie. Par ailleurs, celle-ci offre l'avantage de preserver le savoir-faire des developpeurs en exprimant explicitement les operations d'integration (entre les patrons architecturaux) et de mapping (entre les modeles de conception et les modeles d'implementation). Pour implanter ArchMDE, nous utilisons le cadre de developpement ArchWare qui est base sur le pi-calcul type, polyadique et d'ordre superieur, ce qui permet de supporter les aspects communicatifs et evolutifs des systemes multi-agents. Le choix d'un cadre formel vise a reduire l'ambiguite liee aux concepts multi-agents mais aussi a garantir une conception sure. En effet, l'utilisation d'un langage formel donne la possibilite d'exprimer explicitement differentes proprietes structurelles et comportementales. Le cadre de developpement ArchWare offre divers langages accompagnes de differents outils qui nous seront utiles pour mettre en oeuvre notre approche.

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