Challenges with lack of trust in agile projects with autonomous teams and fixed-priced contracts

Agile principles and autonomous teams is a challenge in fixed-price, fixed-scope projects which often arise when IT providers work with public customers. We report from a large agile development project, where a software provider is developing a new large administrative system in the public sector in Norway. A qualitative case study was conducted. The data was collected mainly from observations and interviews. The data analysis pointed out several challenges in fixed-price agile projects. One of main challenges was that the project suffered from lack of trust. The customer (with the fixed priced contract) did not trust the software provider (trying to work agile with autonomous teams) and vice versa. Pleasing the customer and stronger customer involvement are actions to create trust, which also will give more room for a flexible scope.

[1]  Magne Jørgensen,et al.  Direct and indirect connections between type of contract and software project outcome , 2017 .

[2]  Frank Maurer,et al.  Requirements engineering and agile software development , 2003, WET ICE 2003. Proceedings. Twelfth IEEE International Workshops on Enabling Technologies: Infrastructure for Collaborative Enterprises, 2003..

[3]  James Noble,et al.  The impact of inadequate customer collaboration on self-organizing Agile teams , 2011, Inf. Softw. Technol..

[4]  Mary Poppendieck,et al.  Lean Software Development: An Agile Toolkit , 2003 .

[5]  Nils Brede Moe,et al.  Are Daily Stand-up Meetings Valuable? A Survey of Developers in Software Teams , 2017, XP.

[6]  Lan Cao,et al.  Adapting funding processes for agile IT projects: an empirical investigation , 2013, Eur. J. Inf. Syst..

[7]  Lars Thorup,et al.  Collaborative Agile Contracts , 2009, 2009 Agile Conference.

[8]  Alberto Sillitti,et al.  Managing uncertainty in requirements: a survey in documentation-driven and agile companies , 2005, 11th IEEE International Software Metrics Symposium (METRICS'05).

[9]  Teresa Franklin Adventures in Agile Contracting: Evolving from Time and Materials to Fixed Price, Fixed Scope Contracts , 2008, Agile 2008 Conference.

[10]  Viktoria Stray,et al.  Software Tester, We Want to Hire You! an Analysis of the Demand for Soft Skills , 2018, XP.

[11]  Andreas Opelt,et al.  Agile Contracts: Creating and Managing Successful Projects with Scrum , 2013 .

[12]  James Noble,et al.  Negotiating Contracts for Agile Projects: A Practical Perspective , 2009, XP.

[13]  R. Morien Agile management and the Toyota way for software project management , 2005, INDIN '05. 2005 3rd IEEE International Conference on Industrial Informatics, 2005..

[14]  Roza Rafiq Moustafa Challenges in Software Development with Fixed-Price, Fixed-Scope Contracts in Large Agile Projects , 2017 .

[15]  Philippe Kruchten,et al.  Agility in context , 2010, OOPSLA.

[16]  Yngve Lindsjørn,et al.  Obstacles to Efficient Daily Meetings in Agile Development Projects: A Case Study , 2013, 2013 ACM / IEEE International Symposium on Empirical Software Engineering and Measurement.

[17]  Sjaak Brinkkemper,et al.  Reasons for Success and Failure in Offshore Software Development Projects , 2008, ECIS.

[18]  Scott M Elliott Collaborative Advantage: Winning Through Extended Enterprise Supplier Networks: Jeffrey H. Dyer;Oxford University Press, 2000. 209 + xii pages $27.50 , 2001 .

[19]  M. Joergensen Software Development Contracts: The Impact of the Provider's Risk of Financial Loss on Project Success , 2017, 2017 IEEE/ACM 10th International Workshop on Cooperative and Human Aspects of Software Engineering (CHASE).

[20]  Bruce Eckfeldt,et al.  Selling agile: target-cost contracts , 2005, Agile Development Conference (ADC'05).

[21]  Nils Brede Moe,et al.  Exploring Norms in Agile Software Teams , 2016, PROFES.