Effect of optical lattice potentials on the vortices in rotating dipolar Bose-Einstein condensates

Abstract We study the interplay of dipole-dipole interaction and optical lattice (OL) potential of varying depths on the formation and dynamics of vortices in rotating dipolar Bose-Einstein condensates. By numerically solving the time-dependent quasi-two dimensional Gross-Pitaevskii equation, we analyse the consequence of dipole-dipole interaction on vortex nucleation, vortex structure, critical rotation frequency and number of vortices for a range of OL depths. Rapid creation of vortices has been observed due to supplementary symmetry breaking provided by the OL in addition to the dipolar interaction. Also the critical rotation frequency decreases with an increase in the depth of the OL. Further, at lower rotation frequencies the number of vortices increases on increasing the depth of OL while it decreases at higher rotation frequencies. This variation in the number of vortices has been confirmed by calculating the rms radius, which shrinks in deep optical lattice at higher rotation frequencies.

[1]  M. Lewenstein,et al.  Quantum phases of dipolar bosons in optical lattices. , 2001, Physical review letters.

[2]  Paulsamy Muruganandam,et al.  C programs for solving the time-dependent Gross-Pitaevskii equation in a fully anisotropic trap , 2012, Comput. Phys. Commun..

[3]  M. Machida,et al.  Three-dimensional dynamics of vortex-lattice formation in Bose-Einstein condensates , 2005, cond-mat/0504603.

[4]  M. Lewenstein,et al.  Ultracold dipolar gas in an optical lattice: The fate of metastable states , 2008, 0806.2950.

[5]  Paulsamy Muruganandam,et al.  Localization of a dipolar Bose–Einstein condensate in a bichromatic optical lattice , 2010, 1008.3294.

[6]  A. M. Martin,et al.  Exact solutions and stability of rotating dipolar Bose-Einstein condensates in the Thomas-Fermi limit , 2009, 0905.1515.

[7]  Masahito Ueda,et al.  d-wave collapse and explosion of a dipolar bose-einstein condensate. , 2008, Physical review letters.

[8]  Masahito Ueda,et al.  Vortex lattice formation in a rotating Bose-Einstein condensate , 2002 .

[9]  A. Martin,et al.  Stability and structure of an anisotropically trapped dipolar Bose-Einstein condensate: Angular and linear rotons , 2012, 1209.3839.

[10]  M. Tsubota,et al.  Dynamics of Vortex Lattice Formation in a Rotating Bose-Einstein Condensate with an Optical Lattice Potential , 2007 .

[11]  P. Zoller,et al.  Condensed matter theory of dipolar quantum gases. , 2012, Chemical reviews.

[12]  Paulsamy Muruganandam,et al.  Effect of an impulsive force on vortices in a rotating Bose-Einstein condensate , 2002 .

[13]  U. R. Fischer.  Stability of quasi-two-dimensional Bose-Einstein condensates with dominant dipole-dipole interactions , 2005, cond-mat/0506368.

[14]  S. Müller,et al.  Stability of a dipolar Bose-Einstein condensate in a one-dimensional lattice , 2011 .

[15]  Production of a chromium Bose–Einstein condensate , 2005, cond-mat/0508423.

[16]  Hidetsugu Sakaguchi,et al.  Solitary vortices and gap solitons in rotating optical lattices , 2009 .

[17]  R. A. Williams,et al.  Observation of vortex nucleation in a rotating two-dimensional lattice of Bose-Einstein condensates. , 2010, Physical review letters.

[18]  Y. Lozovik,et al.  Super-Tonks-Girardeau regime in trapped one-dimensional dipolar gases , 2007, 0709.4609.

[19]  Creation of a dipolar superfluid in optical lattices. , 2002, Physical review letters.

[20]  F. Malet,et al.  Rotational properties of dipolar Bose-Einstein condensates confined in anisotropic harmonic potentials , 2011 .

[21]  B. Malomed,et al.  Two-dimensional matter-wave solitons in rotating optical lattices , 2007 .

[22]  B. Lev,et al.  Dysprosium magneto-optical traps , 2010, 1007.1480.

[23]  Hanquan Wang,et al.  An efficient and spectrally accurate numerical method for computing dynamics of rotating Bose-Einstein condensates , 2006, J. Comput. Phys..

[24]  Luis E. Young-S.,et al.  Mixing, demixing, and structure formation in a binary dipolar Bose-Einstein condensate , 2012 .

[25]  M. Pi,et al.  Dipolar condensates confined in a toroidal trap: ground state and vortices , 2010, 1001.3594.

[26]  A. Griesmaier,et al.  Bose-Einstein condensation of chromium. , 2005, Physical review letters.

[27]  H. Pu,et al.  Vortex structures in dipolar condensates , 2006 .

[28]  Seo Ho Youn,et al.  Strongly dipolar Bose-Einstein condensate of dysprosium. , 2011, Physical review letters.

[29]  M. Baranov,et al.  Theoretical progress in many-body physics with ultracold dipolar gases , 2008 .

[30]  L. Santos,et al.  Transverse instability of straight vortex lines in dipolar Bose-Einstein condensates. , 2008, Physical review letters.

[31]  Masahito Ueda,et al.  Ferrofluidity in a two-component dipolar Bose-Einstein condensate. , 2008, Physical review letters.

[32]  Observation of vortex pinning in Bose-Einstein condensates. , 2006, Physical review letters.

[33]  B. Frohlich,et al.  Stabilization of a purely dipolar quantum gas against collapse , 2007, 0710.3643.

[34]  S. K. Adhikari,et al.  Fortran programs for the time-dependent Gross-Pitaevskii equation in a fully anisotropic trap , 2009, Comput. Phys. Commun..

[35]  M. Pi,et al.  Vortices in Bose-Einstein condensates with dominant dipolar interactions , 2009, 0906.4259.

[36]  I. Bloch.  Ultracold quantum gases in optical lattices , 2005 .

[37]  P. Muruganandam,et al.  Vortex dynamics of rotating dipolar Bose–Einstein condensates , 2012, 1208.6227.

[38]  Paulsamy Muruganandam,et al.  Numerical and variational solutions of the dipolar Gross-Pitaevskii equation in reduced dimensions , 2011, 1111.2272.

[39]  S. Ronen,et al.  Angular collapse of dipolar Bose-Einstein condensates , 2009, 0906.2174.

[40]  Antun Balaz,et al.  Dipolar Bose-Einstein Condensates in Weak Anisotropic Disorder , 2012, 1212.4807.

[41]  J. J. Garcia-Ripoll,et al.  Vortex bending and tightly packed vortex lattices in Bose-Einstein condensates , 2001 .

[42]  R. Grimm,et al.  Bose-Einstein condensation of erbium. , 2012, Physical review letters.

[43]  Alexander L. Fetter.  Rotating trapped Bose-Einstein condensates , 2009 .

[44]  M. Lewenstein,et al.  Ultracold dipolar gases in optical lattices , 2011, 1103.3145.

[45]  B. Malomed,et al.  Localized matter-wave patterns with attractive interaction in rotating potentials , 2008, 0810.4207.

[46]  L. Santos,et al.  Two-dimensional bright solitons in dipolar Bose-Einstein condensates , 2005, EQEC '05. European Quantum Electronics Conference, 2005..

[47]  L. Santos,et al.  Hybrid multisite excitations in dipolar condensates in optical lattices , 2008, 0812.3543.

[48]  N P Bigelow,et al.  Structural phase transitions of vortex matter in an optical lattice. , 2005, Physical review letters.

[49]  M. Lewenstein,et al.  The physics of dipolar bosonic quantum gases , 2009, 0905.0386.

[50]  Zhidong Zhang,et al.  Quantum phases of a dipolar Bose-Einstein condensate in an optical lattice with three-body interaction , 2010 .

[51]  Roton-maxon spectrum and stability of trapped dipolar Bose-Einstein condensates. , 2003, Physical review letters.

[52]  R. Duine,et al.  Pinning of vortices in a Bose-Einstein condensate by an optical lattice. , 2004, Physical review letters.