Evaluation of empirical attributes for credit risk forecasting from numerical data

In this paper, we evaluate 35 features which are empirically utilized for forecasting the credit behavior of the borrowers of a Greek Bank. These features are initially selected according to universally accepted criteria. A data set of historical data (observations) was collected from the database of a Greek bank. Based on those data, we performed extensive data analysis by using non parametric models. Our data analysis revealed that building a simplified model by using only 3 out of the 35 initially selected features can achieve the same or slightly better forecasting accuracy when compared to the forecasting accuracy achieved by a model which uses all the 35 features. Extensive interpretation of the results is provided and the experimentally verified claim that universally accepted criteria can’t be globally used to achieve optimal results is discussed

[1]  Vladimir Cherkassky,et al.  The Nature Of Statistical Learning Theory , 1997, IEEE Trans. Neural Networks.

[2]  Fengxi Song,et al.  Feature Selection Using Principal Component Analysis , 2010, 2010 International Conference on System Science, Engineering Design and Manufacturing Informatization.

[3]  Ron Kohavi,et al.  Wrappers for Feature Subset Selection , 1997, Artif. Intell..

[4]  C. Zopounidis,et al.  Assessing financial risks using a multicriteria sorting procedure: the case of country risk assessment , 2001 .

[5]  R. Gonzalez Applied Multivariate Statistics for the Social Sciences , 2003 .

[6]  Alexander J. Smola,et al.  Learning with kernels , 1998 .

[7]  L. Shenton,et al.  Omnibus test contours for departures from normality based on √b1 and b2 , 1975 .

[8]  Alexandros Garefalakis,et al.  HOW NARRATIVE REPORTING CHANGED THE BUSINESS WORLD: PROVIDING A NEW MEASUREMENT TOOL , 2016 .

[9]  Kenneth N. Daniels,et al.  Information, Credit Risk, Lender Specialization and Loan Pricing: Evidence from the DIP Financing Market , 2008 .

[10]  Mu-Chen Chen,et al.  Credit scoring with a data mining approach based on support vector machines , 2007, Expert Syst. Appl..

[11]  J. Hołyst,et al.  Collective firm bankruptcies and phase transition in rating dynamics , 2009, 0904.4430.

[12]  Fotios Pasiouras,et al.  The Prediction of Bank Acquisition Targets with Discriminant and Logit Analyses: Methodological Issues and Empirical Evidence , 2009 .

[13]  S. Kung,et al.  Neural networks for extracting unsymmetric principal components , 1991, Neural Networks for Signal Processing Proceedings of the 1991 IEEE Workshop.

[14]  João Fernandes,et al.  Corporate Credit Risk Modeling: Quantitative Rating System and Probability of Default Estimation , 2005 .

[15]  J. Sola,et al.  Importance of input data normalization for the application of neural networks to complex industrial problems , 1997 .

[16]  Juha Karhunen,et al.  Principal component neural networks — Theory and applications , 1998, Pattern Analysis and Applications.

[17]  Linda Reichwein Zientek,et al.  Book Review: Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analysis: Understanding Concepts and Applications , 2007 .

[18]  R. D'Agostino An omnibus test of normality for moderate and large size samples , 1971 .

[19]  Gregory W. Corder,et al.  Nonparametric Statistics for Non-Statisticians: A Step-by-Step Approach , 2009 .

[20]  Lloyd A. Smith,et al.  Practical feature subset selection for machine learning , 1998 .

[21]  Bernhard Schölkopf,et al.  Learning with kernels , 2001 .

[22]  Kin Keung Lai,et al.  Credit risk evaluation using a weighted least squares SVM classifier with design of experiment for parameter selection , 2011, Expert Syst. Appl..

[23]  K. Kosmidou,et al.  Domestic and multinational determinants of foreign bank profits: The case of Greek banks operating abroad , 2007 .

[24]  Paul R. Yarnold,et al.  Reading and Understanding Multivariate Statistics , 1995 .

[25]  Vladimir Vapnik,et al.  Principles of Risk Minimization for Learning Theory , 1991, NIPS.

[26]  V. Vapnik Estimation of Dependences Based on Empirical Data , 2006 .

[27]  Constantin Zopounidis,et al.  The impact of bank regulations, supervision, market structure, and bank characteristics on individual bank ratings: A cross-country analysis , 2006 .

[28]  Alexandros Benos,et al.  Extending the Merton Model: A hybrid approach to assessing credit quality , 2007, Math. Comput. Model..

[29]  A. Duff,et al.  Credit ratings quality: The perceptions of market participants and other interested parties , 2009 .