Seismic performance and damage assessment of hungarian road bridges

Recent studies showed that Hungary can be characterized by moderate seismicity. In the pre-Eurocode era, most bridges were built without seismic design; their seismic behavior is not known. Bridges are key elements of the transportation network, therefore it is an important issue to evaluate their seismic performance to estimate the economic and financial consequences due to the developing damages caused by a seismic event. State of the art vulnerability assessment methods are based on fragility analysis. The fragility curves of the structure are conditional probability functions which give the probability of a bridge attaining or exceeding a particular damage level for an earthquake of a given intensity level. Fragility curves are useful tools in both preand post-earthquake situations to work out retrofit strategies and to plan emergency routes. They can also be used to calculate the probability of failure if the hazard of the design site is known. The long-term goal of the research is to carry out a nationwide seismic performance evaluation of road bridges in Hungary. For this reason, an automatic performance evaluation framework is worked out. Unfortunately, the existing bridge database does not provide sufficient information for reliable numerical modeling of each structure. Thus, bridges are grouped into 8 bridge classes based on their contribution to the whole inventory and on their various structural attributes; then a portfolio of 30 structures representing typical bridge types in Hungary is created for further analysis. Before the fragility analyses, a preliminary study is carried out to understand the seismic behavior, and to highlight critical configurations and bridge components. The fragility evaluation is conducted with detailed 3-D numerical models subjected to hazard consistent earthquake ground motions with various intensity levels using non-linear time-history analysis. The results show that the insufficient pier shear resistance is a typical problem considering all bridge types, and that the monolithic joints are highly vulnerable in case of precast multi-girder and slab bridges. Comparing the reliability of the structures, it is also shown that precast multi-girder bridges and bridges with conventional bearings perform better, while slab bridges and precast multi-girder bridges with elastomeric bearings have a worse behavior. In certain cases, the improperly chosen structural configuration and the lack of seismic design lead to an unacceptable low reliability level. As a last step, different possible retrofit strategies are evaluated and proposed for vulnerable bridge configurations. Based on the results of the research, seismic design concepts for new bridges are also provided.

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