Hypochoeris radicata attenuates LPS-induced inflammation by suppressing p38, ERK, and JNK phosphorylation in RAW 264.7 macrophages

Hypochoeris radicata, an invasive plant species, is a large and growing threat to ecosystem integrity on Jeju Island, a UNESCO World Heritage site. Therefore, research into the utilization of H. radicata is important and urgently required in order to solve this invasive plant problem in Jeju Island. The broader aim of our research is to elucidate the biological activities of H. radicata, which would facilitate the conversion of this invasive species into high value-added products. The present study was undertaken to identify the pharmacological effects of H. radicata flower on the production of inflammatory mediators in macrophages. The results indicate that the ethyl acetate fraction of H. radicata extract (HRF-EA) inhibited the production of pro-inflammatory molecules such as NO, iNOS, PGE2, and COX-2, and cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-1ß, and IL-6 in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Furthermore, the phosphorylation of MAPKs such as p38, ERK, and JNK was suppressed by HRF-EA in a concentration-dependent manner. In addition, through HPLC and UPLC fingerprinting, luteolins were also identified and quantified as extract constituents. On the basis of these results, we suggest that H. radicata may be considered possible anti-inflammatory candidates for pharmaceutical and/or cosmetic applications.

[1]  N. Lee,et al.  Anti-inflammatory effects of apo-9′-fucoxanthinone from the brown alga, Sargassum muticum , 2013, DARU Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences.

[2]  Y. Ham,et al.  Anti-inflammatory effect of essential oil and its constituents from fingered citron (Citrus medica L. var. sarcodactylis) through blocking JNK, ERK and NF-κB signaling pathways in LPS-activated RAW 264.7 cells. , 2013, Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association.

[3]  U. Wölfle,et al.  The Photoprotective and Antioxidative Properties of Luteolin are Synergistically Augmented by Tocopherol and Ubiquinone , 2013, Planta Medica.

[4]  M. Lappas,et al.  Dietary Flavonoids as Therapeutics for Preterm Birth: Luteolin and Kaempferol Suppress Inflammation in Human Gestational Tissues In Vitro , 2013, Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity.

[5]  Haw‐Wen Chen,et al.  Suppressive effects of Indigofera suffruticosa Mill extracts on lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory responses in murine RAW 264.7 macrophages. , 2013, Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association.

[6]  Ho-Young Choi,et al.  Anti-inflammatory effect of Prunus yedoensis through inhibition of nuclear factor-κB in macrophages , 2013, BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine.

[7]  Won‐Kyo Jung,et al.  Anti-inflammatory effects of trans-1,3-diphenyl-2,3-epoxypropane-1-one mediated by suppression of inflammatory mediators in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. , 2013, Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association.

[8]  M. J. Kim,et al.  Britanin suppresses LPS-induced nitric oxide, PGE2 and cytokine production via NF-κB and MAPK inactivation in RAW 264.7 cells. , 2013, International immunopharmacology.

[9]  J. Hyun,et al.  Anti-inflammatory effect of sargachromanol G isolated from Sargassum siliquastrum in RAW 264.7 cells , 2012, Archives of pharmacal research.

[10]  Li Yang,et al.  [The inhibitory effect of luteolin on inflammation in LPS-induced microglia]. , 2011, Zhong yao cai = Zhongyaocai = Journal of Chinese medicinal materials.

[11]  Xuming Deng,et al.  Effects of florfenicol on LPS‐induced nitric oxide and prostaglandin E2 production in RAW 264.7 macrophages , 2011, Fundamental & clinical pharmacology.

[12]  C. Park,et al.  Taraxacum officinale Weber extracts inhibit LPS-induced oxidative stress and nitric oxide production via the NF-κB modulation in RAW 264.7 cells. , 2011, Journal of ethnopharmacology.

[13]  C. Park,et al.  Luteolin and chicoric acid synergistically inhibited inflammatory responses via inactivation of PI3K‐Akt pathway and impairment of NFκB translocation in LPS stimulated RAW 264.7 cells , 2010, European journal of pharmacology.

[14]  N. Lee,et al.  Sasa quelpaertensis phenylpropanoid derivative suppresses lipopolysaccharide-induced nitric oxide synthase and cyclo-oxygenase-2 expressions in RAW 264.7 cells. , 2011, Yakugaku zasshi : Journal of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan.

[15]  N. Lee,et al.  Neolitsea Sericea Essential Oil Attenuates LPS-induced Inflammation in RAW 264.7 Macrophages by Suppressing NF-κB and MAPK Activation , 2010, Natural product communications.

[16]  C. Park,et al.  Luteolin and Chicoric Acid, Two Major Constituents of Dandelion Leaf, Inhibit Nitric Oxide and Lipid Peroxide Formation in Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated RAW 264.7 Cells , 2010 .

[17]  N. Lee,et al.  Artemisia fukudo essential oil attenuates LPS-induced inflammation by suppressing NF-kappaB and MAPK activation in RAW 264.7 macrophages. , 2010, Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association.

[18]  N. Lee,et al.  Inhibitory effects of Enteromorpha prolifera on the production of nitric oxide, prostaglandin E2, and pro-inflammatory cytokines in RAW 264.7 cells , 2010 .

[19]  N. Lee,et al.  Limonene suppresses lipopolysaccharide-induced production of nitric oxide, prostaglandin E2, and pro-inflammatory cytokines in RAW 264.7 macrophages. , 2010, Journal of oleo science.

[20]  N. Lee,et al.  Abies koreana Essential Oil Inhibits Drug-Resistant Skin Pathogen Growth and LPS-Induced Inflammatory Effects of Murine Macrophage , 2009, Lipids.

[21]  N. Lee,et al.  Cryptomeria japonica essential oil inhibits the growth of drug-resistant skin pathogens and LPS-induced nitric oxide and pro-inflammatory cytokine production. , 2009, Polish journal of microbiology.

[22]  B. Kamińska.  MAPK signalling pathways as molecular targets for anti-inflammatory therapy--from molecular mechanisms to therapeutic benefits. , 2005, Biochimica et biophysica acta.

[23]  G. Heil,et al.  Reduced colonization capacity in fragmented populations of wind‐dispersed grassland forbs , 2002 .

[24]  R. Gaynor,et al.  Role of the NF-kappaB pathway in the pathogenesis of human disease states. , 2001, Current molecular medicine.