Integrating Feedback into Prospective English Language Teachers' Writing Process via Blogs and Portfolios.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of blogging and portfolio keeping on a group of pre-service teachers’ writing skill in a compulsory writing course at a tertiary level English language teaching (ELT) programme in Turkey. The study specifically looked into to what extent receiving feedback from course instructor and peers created ownership in writing and also to what extent giving feedback to peers’ writing through blogging and portfolios contributed to a group of prospective English language teachers’ writing skill. The study lasted two academic terms (28 weeks) with two groups; namely, portfolio group (30 student teachers) and blog group (29 student teachers). The blog group posted all their written work on personal blogs while the portfolio group kept personal portfolios for their written work. As part of blogging and portfolio keeping both groups also received feedback from course instructor and peers as well as providing feedback to other peers’ writing. Results of the study may suggest that blogs and portfolios emerge as effective tools to integrate feedback practice into writing process, offering course instructors and students ample time and practice outside ordinary English classes as a foreign language (EFL). The study also shows that the practice of blogging and portfolio keeping and specifically receiving and giving feedback both on paper and online contributes to student teachers’ writing skills significantly on basic elements of writing skill such as process, organization, content, language use, vocabulary, mechanics, and accuracy. In addition, receiving teacher’s feedback was reported as the most favourite type compared to receiving and giving peer feedback. Thus blogs and portfolios need to be integrated into writing classes in order to secure better benefits from writing practice in EFL contexts.

[1]  Wen-Shuenn Wu The effect of blog peer review and teacher feedback on the revisions of EFL writers , 2006 .

[2]  Blogs in English language teaching and learning : Pedagogical uses and student responses , 2008 .

[3]  J. Truscott EVIDENCE AND CONJECTURE ON THE EFFECTS OF CORRECTION: A RESPONSE TO CHANDLER , 2004 .

[4]  Claire Fiona Kennedy,et al.  Using an L2 blog to enhance learners' participation and sense of community , 2010 .

[5]  Karen E. Johnson,et al.  Peer Review Negotiations: Revision Activities in ESL Writing Instruction , 1994 .

[6]  Lynn M. Goldstein Questions and answers about teacher written commentary and student revision: teachers and students working together , 2004 .

[7]  Recep S. Arslan,et al.  How can the use of blog software facilitate the writing process of English language learners? , 2010 .

[8]  Guangwei Hu,et al.  Using peer review with Chinese ESL student writers , 2005 .

[9]  A. Tsui,et al.  Do Secondary L2 Writers Benefit from Peer Comments , 2000 .

[10]  Hui-Tzu Min,et al.  The effects of trained peer review on EFL students’ revision types and writing quality , 2006 .

[11]  Meltem Huri Baturay,et al.  E-portfolio assessment in an online English language course , 2010 .

[12]  Neomy Storch,et al.  Student annotations: What NNS and NS university students say about their own writing , 1997 .

[13]  A. Cohen,et al.  Second Language Writing: Feedback on compositions: teacher and student verbal reports , 1990 .

[14]  Neomy Storch,et al.  Collaborative writing: Product, process, and students’ reflections , 2005 .

[15]  John Truscott,et al.  The effect of error correction on learners' ability to write accurately , 2007 .

[16]  J. Stanley Coaching student writers to be effective peer evaluators , 1992 .

[17]  Kathleen Pinkman Using blogs in the foreign language classroom: Encouraging learner independence , 2005 .

[18]  Kristi Lundstrom,et al.  To give is better than to receive: The benefits of peer review to the reviewer's own writing , 2009 .

[19]  H. Jacobs Testing Esl Composition: A Practical Approach , 1981 .

[20]  Icy Lee,et al.  Error correction in L2 secondary writing classrooms: The case of Hong Kong , 2004 .

[21]  Ken Sheppard Two Feedback Types: Do They Make A Difference? , 1992 .

[22]  D. Ferris Student Reactions to Teacher Response in Multiple‐Draft Composition Classrooms* , 1995 .

[23]  John Truscott,et al.  Error correction, revision, and learning , 2008 .

[24]  Selami Ok Bir İngilizce Öğretmenliği Bölümünde Portfolyonun Bir Değerlendirme Aracı Olarak Kullanılmasına İlişkin Birinci Sınıf Öğrencilerinin Görüşleri , 2012 .

[25]  Jeremy Harmer,et al.  How to Teach Writing , 2004 .

[26]  Bailin Song,et al.  Using portfolios to assess the writing of ESL students: a powerful alternative? , 2002 .

[27]  Richard Straub,et al.  Students' Reactions to Teacher Comments: An Exploratory Study. , 1997 .

[28]  Ken Hyland,et al.  Feedback on second language students' writing , 2006, Language Teaching.

[29]  Extending writing instruction beyond school walls , 2007 .

[30]  Karen Fricker,et al.  Blogging , 2015 .

[31]  Diane L. Schallert,et al.  Meeting in the margins: Effects of the teacher–student relationship on revision processes of EFL college students taking a composition course , 2008 .

[32]  Gayle L. Nelson,et al.  ESL students' perceptions of effectiveness in peer response groups , 1998 .

[33]  G. E. Berrios,et al.  . New York: Cambridge , 2000 .

[34]  Dana R. Ferris,et al.  ERROR FEEDBACK IN L2 WRITING CLASSES: HOW EXPLICIT DOES IT NEED TO BE? , 2001 .

[35]  Sumie Matsuno,et al.  Self-, peer-, and teacher-assessments in Japanese university EFL writing classrooms , 2009 .

[36]  Wei Zhu,et al.  INTERACTION AND FEEDBACK IN MIXED PEER RESPONSE GROUPS , 2001 .

[37]  John Bitchener,et al.  Evidence in Support of Written Corrective Feedback. , 2008 .

[38]  Jean Chandler,et al.  THE EFFICACY OF VARIOUS KINDS OF ERROR FEEDBACK FOR IMPROVEMENT IN THE ACCURACY AND FLUENCY OF L2 STUDENT WRITING , 2003 .

[39]  George M. Jacobs,et al.  Feedback on student writing: taking the middle path , 1998 .

[40]  Selami Ok Opinions of ELT Students in Freshman Class on Using Portfolio as an Assessment Tool , 2012 .

[41]  Ilona Leki THE PREFERENCES OF ESL STUDENTS FOR ERROR CORRECTION IN COLLEGE-LEVEL WRITING CLASSES , 1991 .

[42]  Liz Hamp-Lyons Feedback in Second Language Writing: Feedback in portfolio-based writing courses , 2006 .

[43]  John Bitchener,et al.  The Effect of Different Types of Corrective Feedback on ESL Student Writing. , 2005 .

[44]  Joy Reid,et al.  Responding to ESL Students' Texts: The Myths of Appropriation , 1994 .

[45]  Yu-Feng Lan,et al.  Effects of Guided Writing Strategies on Students' Writing Attitudes Based on Media Richness Theory , 2011 .

[46]  Shuqiang Zhang Reexamining the affective advantage of peer feedback in the ESL writing class , 1995 .

[47]  Ken Hyland,et al.  Feedback in Second Language Writing: Author index , 2006 .

[48]  Ken Hyland,et al.  Second Language Writing , 2003 .

[49]  M. Apple,et al.  Developing writing fluency and lexical complexity with blogs , 2006, The JALT CALL Journal.

[50]  K. Dawson,et al.  Collaborative Blogging as a Means to Develop Elementary Expository Writing Skills , 2007 .

[51]  Meredith D. Gall,et al.  Northwest Regional Educational Laboratory. , 1971 .

[52]  D. Ferris The ‘‘Grammar Correction’ ’ Debate in L2 Writing: , 2022 .

[53]  Willard Richardson,et al.  Blogs, Wikis, Podcasts, and Other Powerful Web Tools for Classrooms , 2006 .

[54]  Fiona Hyland,et al.  The impact of teacher written feedback on individual writers , 1998 .

[55]  Danielle Guénette,et al.  Is feedback pedagogically correct?: Research design issues in studies of feedback on writing , 2007 .

[56]  Selami Aydın A Qualitative Research on Portfolio Keeping in English as a Foreign Language Writing. , 2010 .

[57]  Trena M. Paulus,et al.  The Effect of Peer and Teacher Feedback on Student Writing , 1999 .

[58]  E. Berg,et al.  The effects of trained peer response on ESL students' revision types and writing quality , 1999 .

[59]  Ann K. Fathman,et al.  Second Language Writing: Teacher response to student writing: focus on form versus content , 1990 .

[60]  John Truscott,et al.  Review Article The Case Against Grammar Correction in L2 Writing Classes , 1996 .

[61]  Wendy Baker,et al.  Teacher-written feedback: Student perceptions, teacher self-assessment, and actual teacher performance , 2007 .

[62]  Richard Badger,et al.  A comparative study of peer and teacher feedback in a Chinese EFL writing class , 2006 .