Lactational dietary fat levels and sources influence milk composition and performance of sows and their progeny

Abstract One week prior to farrowing and during 28 days of lactation, a control diet without supplemental fat was compared to six diets containing 8% of either animal fat, rapeseed oil, fish oil, coconut oil, palm oil, or sunflower oil. The dietary effects on performance of 175 sows, their milk yield and composition, and on preweaning performance of the piglets were studied. Except for the fish oil and rapeseed oil, addition of fat to the diets increased the average litter body weight gain from birth and until weaning ( P =0.017) compared to the control diet. During lactation, the dietary fat sources, except coconut oil, enhanced the daily energy intake of sows ( P P =0.024). The content of total acids was the lowest ( P P

[1]  J. Pedersen,et al.  A Nordic proposal for an energy corrected milk (ECM) formula , 1991 .

[2]  S. Innis,et al.  Nonessential fatty acids in formula fat blends influence essential fatty acid metabolism and composition in plasma and organ lipid classes in piglets , 1992, Lipids.

[3]  S. K. Jensen,et al.  All-rac-α-tocopherol acetate is a better vitamin E source than all-rac-α-tocopherol succinate for broilers , 1999 .

[4]  L. Skibsted,et al.  Supplementation of broiler diets with retinol acetate, beta carotene or canthaxanthin: Effect on vitamin status and oxidative status of broilers in vivo and on meat stability , 1998 .

[5]  A. G. Sinclair,et al.  The effect of feeding salmon oil to sows throughout pregnancy on pre-weaning mortality of piglets , 2001 .

[6]  K. Fritsche,et al.  Maternally-supplied fish oil alters piglet immune cell fatty acid profile and eicosanoid production , 1993, Lipids.

[7]  W. Pond,et al.  Effect of polyunsaturated fatty acids and vitamin E level of the sow gestation diet on reproductive performance and on level of alpha tocopherol in colostrum, milk and dam and progeny blood serum. , 1976, Journal of animal science.

[8]  M. Verstegen,et al.  Effect of dietary fat level in the lactation diet on the performance of primiparous sows and their piglets. , 1992 .

[9]  R. Scarth,et al.  Effect of energy intake prior to parturition on milk lipids and survival rate, thermostability and carcass composition of piglets. , 1974, Journal of animal science.

[10]  J. Pettigrew.  SUPPLEMENTAL DIETARY FAT FOR PERIPARTAL SOWS: A REVIEW' , 1981 .

[11]  J. Wiseman.  Fats in Animal Nutrition , 1984 .

[12]  A. Lewis,et al.  Effect of tallow and choline chloride addition to the diet of sows milk composition, milk yield and preweaning pig performance. , 1982, Journal of animal science.

[13]  W. Horwitz.  Official Methods of Analysis , 1980 .

[14]  J. Csapó,et al.  Protein, fats, vitamin and mineral concentrations in porcine colostrum and milk from parturition to 60 days , 1996 .

[15]  M. Traber,et al.  Lactating sows and suckling piglets preferentially incorporate RRR- over all-rac-alpha-tocopherol into milk, plasma and tissues. , 2002, The Journal of nutrition.

[16]  B. Eggum,et al.  The Influence of Different Protein, Fat and Mineral Levels on the Digestibility of Fat and Fatty Acids Measured at the Terminal Ileum and in Faeces of Growing Pigs , 1992 .

[17]  W. Stoldt.  Vorschlag zur Vereinheitlichung der Fettbestimmung in Lebensmitteln , 1952 .

[18]  R. W. Seerley.  17 – THE USE OF FAT IN SOW DIETS , 1984 .

[19]  D. W. Friend.  Effect on the performance of pigs from birth to market weight of adding fat to the lactation diet of their dams. , 1974, Journal of animal science.

[20]  R. Witter,et al.  The influence of the amount and nature of dietary fat on milk fat composition in the sow , 1970, British Journal of Nutrition.

[21]  P. Cranwell,et al.  Biological limitations imposed by the digestive system to the growth performance of weaned pigs , 1989 .

[22]  S. Boisen,et al.  Prediction of the total tract digestibility of energy in feedstuffs and pig diets by in vitro analyses , 1997 .

[23]  J. Mabry,et al.  The effect of source of supplemental dietary energy on sow milk yield, milk composition and litter performance. , 1982, Journal of animal science.

[24]  S. Rotenberg,et al.  The Effect of Dietary Citrus Pectin on Fatty Acid Balance and on the Fatty Acid Content of the Liver and Small Intestine in Rats , 1980 .

[25]  G. Shurson,et al.  Effects of adding fat to the sow lactation diet on lactation and rebreeding performance. , 1986, Journal of animal science.

[26]  A. Lewis,et al.  Addition of fat to the diets of lactating sows: I. Effects on milk production and composition and carcass composition of the litter at weaning. , 1999, Journal of animal science.

[27]  Z. Mroz,et al.  Effect of lecithin on the apparent ileal and overall digestibility of crude fat and fatty acids in pigs. , 1994, Journal of animal science.

[28]  J. Schrama,et al.  Energy balance of lactating primiparous sows as affected by feeding level and dietary energy source. , 2000, Journal of animal science.

[29]  T. T. Nielsen,et al.  Estimation of Milk Production in Lactating Sows by Determination of Deuterated Water Turnover in Three Piglets per Litter , 2002 .

[30]  K. M. Irvin,et al.  Effects of genetic line and supplemental dietary fat on lactation performance of Duroc and Landrace sows. , 1992, Journal of animal science.

[31]  J. Noblet,et al.  Body composition, metabolic rate and utilization of milk nutrients in suckling piglets. , 1987, Reproduction, nutrition, developpement.

[32]  A. G. Sinclair,et al.  The effect of maize starch or soya-bean oil as energy sources in lactation on sow and piglet performance in association with sow metabolic state around peak lactation , 2002 .

[33]  J. Nelssen,et al.  Effect of source of dietary energy and energy restriction during lactation on sow and litter performance. , 1985, Journal of animal science.

[34]  B. Mullan,et al.  The chemical composition of sows during their first lactation. , 1990 .

[35]  R. D. Boyd,et al.  Effect of energy source prior to parturition and during lactation on tissue lipid, liver glycogen and plasma levels of some metabolites in the newborn pig. , 1978, Journal of animal science.

[36]  T. Framstad,et al.  Supplements of cod liver oil to lactating sows. Influence on milk fatty acid composition and growth performance of piglets. , 1993, Zentralblatt fur Veterinarmedizin. Reihe A.