Factores de riesgo asociados a infección nosocomial (IN) en una Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Neonatales (UCIN) de tercer nivel

Las IN son un problema grave y frecuente en las UCIN; aumentan la morbilidad, la mortalidad y los costos. Objetivo: Identificar los factores de riesgo asociados a IN en una UCIN de tercer nivel. Material y metodos: Estudio de casos y controles anidado en una cohorte. Se registraron las siguientes variables: edad gestacional, peso al nacer, cateter venoso central (CVC) y otros dispositivos, malformaciones congenitas, cirugia, ventilacion mecanica (VM), uso de esteroides y bloqueantes H2, estancia hospitalaria, tipo de infeccion y microorganismo causal. Resultados: Se incluyeron 188 recien nacidos (RN) en el de grupo de casos (con IN) y 192 controles (sin IN). La infeccion mas frecuente fue la sepsis (34.8%) y el principal microorganismo, Staphylococcus coagulasa negativa (37.2%). Los factores de riesgo independientes fueron: CVC (razon de momios [RM]: 7.3; intervalo de confianza [IC] 95%: 2.3-22.8), estancia en la UCIN > 14 dias (RM: 3.4; IC 95%: 1.7-6.7), inhibidores de acidez gastrica (RM: 2.3; IC 95%: 1.2-4.2), numero de cirugias (≥ 2) (RM: 3; IC 95%: 1.1-7.9) y VM > 7 dias (RM: 2.1; IC 95%: 1.1-4.2). Conclusiones: Algunos factores de riesgo para IN encontrados son similares a los reportados previamente, con excepcion del numero de cirugias, que no se habia reportado en otros estudios

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