BER and power penalty fluctuations due to PMD statistics in 10 Gbit/s optical transmissions

Polarisation-mode dispersion (PMD) in optical fibres causes a time-varying power penalty for the receiver. This variation has the same time-scale as low bit error rate (BER) measurements. Hereby, power penalty statistics can be difficult to determine with traditional BER measurements. A method where the statistics can be measured both quickly and accurately is proposed.