And Two Anonymous Reviewers for Their Excellent Advice and Comments; to the Logic of Social Exchange That Humans Reason Using " Pragmatic Reasoning Scnemas That Were Induced through Recurrent Experience within Goal-defined Domains. on This View, The

Cosmides, L., 1989. The logic of social exchange: Was natural selection shaped how humans reason? Studies with the Wason selection task. Cognition, 31: 187-276. In order to successfully engage in social exchange-cooperation between two or more individuals for mutual benefit-humans must be able to solve a number of complex computational problems, and do so with special efficiency. used evolutionary principles to develop a computational theory of these adap-tive problems. Specific hypotheses concerning the structure of the algorithms that govern how humans reason about social exchange were derived from this computational theory. F-d nc> arti& prorents a series of experiments designed to * L test these hypotheses, using the Wason selection task, CL its: q%$cal reasoning. Part Z repor.ts experiments testing social exchange theory against the availability theories of reasoning; Part ZZ reports experiments testing it against Cheng and Holyoak's (1985) permission schema theory. Tha Bun/Bu; G cApGr crmentab design included eight critical tests designed to choose between social exchange theory and these other two families of theories; the results of all eight tests support social exchange theory. The hypothesis that the human mind includes cognitiveproces-ses specialized for reasoning about social exchange predicts the content effects *The theoretical perspective informing this paper was developed equally by John Tooby and myself, and will appear jointly elsewhere. Also, I thank him deeply for his astute and insightful criticism throughout. I am very grateful to Peter Wason for his timely assistance at the beginning of this project; to for their kind help in conducting experiments, end to Roger Shepard for the intellectual stimulation and generous support he has given me. found in these experiments, and parsimoniously explains those that have already been reported in the literature. The implications of this line of research for a modular view of human reasoning are discussed, as well as the utility of evolutionary biology in the development of computational theories. Corveputational theories of adaptive problems Even if they have not paid much attention to the fact, cognitive psychologists htive always known that the human mind is not merely a computational system with ihe design features of a modern computer, but a biological system " designed " by the organizing forces of evolution. This means that the innate information-processing mechanisms that comprise the human mind were not designed to solve arbitrary tasks, but are, instead, adaptations: mechanisms designed to solve the specific biological problems posed by the physical, ecological …

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