Parallel Magnetic Resonance Imaging Acquisition and Reconstruction: Application to Functional and Spectroscopic Imaging in Human Brain

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has contributed significantly to modern cancer diagnosis and treatment planning because of its noninvasive nature, versatile image contrast, and high spatiotemporal resolution. For decades, the quest for higher sensitivity and greater spatial and/or temporal resolution has been approached by means of increasing major field strengths, enhancing gradient performance, and improving radio frequency (RF) technology. In this chapter, we present recent MRI advances that use an RF coil array to achieve “­parallel” data acquisition for higher spatiotemporal resolution.

[1]  R. Stollberger,et al.  Improved diffusion‐weighted single‐shot echo‐planar imaging (EPI) in stroke using sensitivity encoding (SENSE) , 2001, Magnetic resonance in medicine.

[2]  Peter M. Jakob,et al.  AUTO-SMASH: A self-calibrating technique for SMASH imaging , 1998, Magnetic Resonance Materials in Physics, Biology and Medicine.

[3]  R. Gillies,et al.  In vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy in cancer. , 2005, Annual review of biomedical engineering.

[4]  D Matthaei,et al.  1H NMR chemical shift selective (CHESS) imaging. , 1985, Physics in medicine and biology.

[5]  W Dreher,et al.  Fast proton spectroscopic imaging employing k‐space weighting achieved by variable repetition times , 1996, Magnetic resonance in medicine.

[6]  N J Pelc,et al.  Unaliasing by Fourier‐encoding the overlaps using the temporal dimension (UNFOLD), applied to cardiac imaging and fMRI , 1999, Magnetic resonance in medicine.

[7]  K. Kwong,et al.  Parallel imaging reconstruction using automatic regularization , 2004, Magnetic resonance in medicine.

[8]  C Yuan,et al.  In vivo measurement of regional brain metabolic response to hyperventilation using magnetic resonance: Proton echo planar spectroscopic imaging (PEPSI) , 1997, Magnetic resonance in medicine.

[9]  Peter Kellman,et al.  Dynamic autocalibrated parallel imaging using temporal GRAPPA (TGRAPPA) , 2005, Magnetic resonance in medicine.

[10]  D. Arnold,et al.  Using pattern analysis of in vivo proton MRSI data to improve the diagnosis and surgical management of patients with brain tumors , 1998, NMR in biomedicine.

[11]  K. Uğurbil,et al.  NMR chemical shift imaging in three dimensions. , 1982, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[12]  C A McKenzie,et al.  Coil‐by‐coil image reconstruction with SMASH , 2001, Magnetic resonance in medicine.

[13]  Jan H. Ardenkjær-Larsen,et al.  Molecular imaging with endogenous substances , 2003, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[14]  P. Boesiger,et al.  Contrast‐enhanced 3D MRA using SENSE , 2000, Journal of magnetic resonance imaging : JMRI.

[15]  L. Wald,et al.  A wavelet‐based approximation of surface coil sensitivity profiles for correction of image intensity inhomogeneity and parallel imaging reconstruction , 2003, Human brain mapping.

[16]  P. Roemer,et al.  The NMR phased array , 1990, Magnetic resonance in medicine.

[17]  Bruno Madore,et al.  UNFOLD‐SENSE: A parallel MRI method with self‐calibration and artifact suppression , 2004, Magnetic resonance in medicine.

[18]  J H Duyn,et al.  Multisection proton MR spectroscopic imaging of the brain. , 1993, Radiology.

[19]  J. Duyn,et al.  Design of a SENSE‐optimized high‐sensitivity MRI receive coil for brain imaging , 2002, Magnetic resonance in medicine.

[20]  Christine Preibisch,et al.  Functional MRI using sensitivity-encoded echo planar imaging (SENSE-EPI) , 2003, NeuroImage.

[21]  Robin M Heidemann,et al.  Controlled aliasing in parallel imaging results in higher acceleration (CAIPIRINHA) for multi‐slice imaging , 2005, Magnetic resonance in medicine.

[22]  F H Epstein,et al.  Adaptive sensitivity encoding incorporating temporal filtering (TSENSE) † , 2001, Magnetic resonance in medicine.

[23]  Robin M Heidemann,et al.  Generalized autocalibrating partially parallel acquisitions (GRAPPA) , 2002, Magnetic resonance in medicine.

[24]  J. R. Baker,et al.  Echoplanar chemical shift imaging , 1999, Magnetic resonance in medicine.

[25]  Peter Boesiger,et al.  k‐t BLAST and k‐t SENSE: Dynamic MRI with high frame rate exploiting spatiotemporal correlations , 2003, Magnetic resonance in medicine.

[26]  J B Ra,et al.  Fast imaging using subencoding data sets from multiple detectors , 1993, Magnetic resonance in medicine.

[27]  Peter Boesiger,et al.  2D sense for faster 3D MRI , 2002, Magnetic Resonance Materials in Physics, Biology and Medicine.

[28]  G. Mckinnon.  Ultrafast interleaved gradient‐echo‐planar imaging on a standard scanner , 1993, Magnetic resonance in medicine.

[29]  Mark A. Griswold,et al.  AUTO-SMASH: A self-calibrating technique for SMASH imaging , 1998 .

[30]  J W Carlson,et al.  Imaging time reduction through multiple receiver coil data acquisition and image reconstruction , 1993, Magnetic resonance in medicine.

[31]  E Moser,et al.  Functional MRI of the human motor cortex using single-shot, multiple gradient-echo spiral imaging. , 1999, Magnetic resonance imaging.

[32]  D. Sodickson,et al.  A generalized approach to parallel magnetic resonance imaging. , 2001, Medical physics.

[33]  J. D. O'Sullivan,et al.  A Fast Sinc Function Gridding Algorithm for Fourier Inversion in Computer Tomography , 1985, IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging.

[34]  Xiaoping Hu,et al.  Auto‐calibrated parallel spiral imaging , 2006, Magnetic resonance in medicine.

[35]  Daniel K Sodickson,et al.  3Parallel magnetic resonance imaging with adaptive radius in k‐space (PARS): Constrained image reconstruction using k‐space locality in radiofrequency coil encoded data , 2005, Magnetic resonance in medicine.

[36]  S. Posse,et al.  Two-dimensional proton echo-planar spectroscopic imaging of brain metabolic changes during lactate-induced panic. , 1999, Archives of general psychiatry.

[37]  P. Boesiger,et al.  Advances in sensitivity encoding with arbitrary k‐space trajectories , 2001, Magnetic resonance in medicine.

[38]  Jeff H. Duyn,et al.  Reduction of Gradient Acoustic Noise in MRI Using SENSE-EPI , 2002, NeuroImage.

[39]  A. Macovski,et al.  Volumetric spectroscopic imaging with spiral‐based k‐space trajectories , 1998, Magnetic resonance in medicine.

[40]  G B Matson,et al.  Reduced phase encoding in spectroscopic imaging , 1994, Magnetic resonance in medicine.

[41]  D. Sodickson.  Tailored SMASH image reconstructions for robust in vivo parallel MR imaging , 2000, Magnetic resonance in medicine.

[42]  P. Hansen.  Rank-Deficient and Discrete Ill-Posed Problems: Numerical Aspects of Linear Inversion , 1987 .

[43]  René M. Botnar,et al.  Inherently self‐calibrating non‐cartesian parallel imaging , 2005, Magnetic resonance in medicine.

[44]  D Le Bihan,et al.  Three-dimensional echo-planar MR spectroscopic imaging at short echo times in the human brain. , 1994, Radiology.

[45]  Robert A. Österbauer,et al.  Sensitivity‐encoded single‐shot spiral imaging for reduced susceptibility artifacts in BOLD fMRI , 2002, Magnetic resonance in medicine.

[46]  R Pohmann,et al.  Theoretical evaluation and comparison of fast chemical shift imaging methods. , 1997, Journal of magnetic resonance.

[47]  Peter Kellman,et al.  Application of sensitivity‐encoded echo‐planar imaging for blood oxygen level‐dependent functional brain imaging † , 2002, Magnetic resonance in medicine.

[48]  A. Falini,et al.  Anatomical and biochemical investigation of primary brain tumours , 2001, European Journal of Nuclear Medicine.

[49]  A. Haase,et al.  Snapshot flash mri. applications to t1, t2, and chemical‐shift imaging , 1990, Magnetic resonance in medicine.

[50]  Peter Boesiger,et al.  Sensitivity-encoded (SENSE) echo planar fMRI at 3T in the medial temporal lobe , 2005, NeuroImage.

[51]  D. Louis Collins,et al.  Accurate, noninvasive diagnosis of human brain tumors by using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy , 1996, Nature Medicine.

[52]  Fu-Nien Wang,et al.  Functional MRI using regularized parallel imaging acquisition , 2005, Magnetic resonance in medicine.

[53]  M. Leach,et al.  Magnetic resonance spectroscopy monitoring of mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling inhibition. , 2005, Cancer research.

[54]  X Golay,et al.  PRESTO‐SENSE: An ultrafast whole‐brain fMRI technique , 2000, Magnetic resonance in medicine.

[55]  Gioacchino Tedeschi,et al.  High Speed 1H Spectroscopic Imaging in Human Brain by Echo Planar Spatial‐Spectral Encoding , 1995, Magnetic resonance in medicine.

[56]  A. N. Tikhonov,et al.  Solutions of ill-posed problems , 1977 .

[57]  M. Hutchinson,et al.  Fast MRI data acquisition using multiple detectors , 1988, Magnetic resonance in medicine.