Salesperson Selection, Training, and Development: Trends, Implications, and Research Opportunities

Building on the forces of change in selling identified in the introductory paper of this Special Issue of JPSSM, we identify and explicate trends, managerial implications, and research opportunities in two important domains of the selling field: training and development (TD) and selection. Part One focuses on TD of salespeople, and argues why a fresh perspective on salesperson TD is essential. Then, taking a knowledge, skills, and ability (KSA) approach, a framework for future TD content is proposed around three levels of KSAs: task-related KSAs, growth-related KSAs, and meta-KSAs. Part Two, on selection, focuses on several important predictors of salesperson success: cognitive ability tests, personality inventories, and biodata. Then, assessment methods are reviewed. Finally, we summarize with a discussion of emerging trends and research opportunities. The focus of the discussion is on both enhancing salesperson performance and affording scholars new research opportunities.

[1]  Steven P. Brown,et al.  The Changing Environment of Selling and Sales Management , 2005 .

[2]  Mark W. Johnston,et al.  Churchill - Ford - Walker's Sales Force Management , 2005 .

[3]  Jule B. Gassenheimer,et al.  The Problem Solving Approach Of International Salespeople: The Experience Effect , 2004 .

[4]  Richard G. Netemeyer,et al.  Salesperson creative performance: conceptualization, measurement, and nomological validity , 2004 .

[5]  P. Salovey,et al.  Emotional Intelligence and Social Interaction , 2004, Personality & social psychology bulletin.

[6]  C. Gibson,et al.  THE ANTECEDENTS , CONSEQUENCES , AND MEDIATING ROLE OF ORGANIZATIONAL AMBIDEXTERITY , 2004 .

[7]  David Robotham,et al.  Learning and training: developing the competent learner , 2003 .

[8]  S. Rothmann,et al.  THE BIG FIVE PERSONALITY DIMENSIONS AND JOB PERFORMANCE , 2003 .

[9]  Peter A. Heslin,et al.  Training the Trainee as Well as the Trainer: Lessons to Be Learned from Clinical Psychology , 2003 .

[10]  P. Salovey,et al.  Emotional intelligence, personality, and the perceived quality of social relationships , 2003 .

[11]  Mary J. Benner,et al.  Exploitation, Exploration, and Process Management: The Productivity Dilemma Revisited , 2003 .

[12]  J. Sager,et al.  Coping Strategy Profiles Used by Salespeople: Their Relationships with Personal Characteristics and Work Outcomes , 2003 .

[13]  Maurizio Zollo,et al.  Deliberate Learning and the Evolution of Dynamic Capabilities , 2002 .

[14]  Joseph O. Rentz,et al.  A Measure of Selling Skill: Scale Development and Validation , 2002 .

[15]  Ian Brissette,et al.  The role of optimism in social network development, coping, and psychological adjustment during a life transition. , 2002, Journal of personality and social psychology.

[16]  Eduardo Salas,et al.  Effects of Training Goals and Goal Orientation Traits on Multidimensional Training Outcomes and Performance Adaptability. , 2001, Organizational behavior and human decision processes.

[17]  A. Hakstian,et al.  Improving salesforce performance: A meta-analytic investigation of the effectiveness and utility of personnel selection procedures and training interventions. , 2001 .

[18]  D. Waldron International Management , 2001 .

[19]  T. W. Leigh,et al.  The Top Ten Sales Articles of the 20th Century , 2001 .

[20]  William Powell Train Today, Sell Tomorrow. , 2001 .

[21]  E. Salas,et al.  The science of training: a decade of progress. , 2001, Annual review of psychology.

[22]  Chockalingam Viswesvaran,et al.  Perspectives on Models of Job Performance , 2000 .

[23]  Mary Ann Glynn,et al.  Pluralism and the Problem of Variety , 2000 .

[24]  J. Bright,et al.  The Impact of Competency Statements on Résumés for Short‐listing Decisions , 2000 .

[25]  J. M. Geringer,et al.  Self-management training for improving job performance: a field experiment involving salespeople. , 2000, The Journal of applied psychology.

[26]  F. Oswald,et al.  Personnel selection: looking toward the future--remembering the past. , 2000, Annual review of psychology.

[27]  G. Stokes,et al.  Specification of Scales in Biodata Form Development: Rational vs. Empirical and Global vs. Specific , 1999 .

[28]  M. L. Kelly,et al.  PERSONALITY MEASURES AND BIODATA: EVIDENCE REGARDING THEIR INCREMENTAL PREDICTIVE VALUE IN THE LIFE INSURANCE INDUSTRY , 1999 .

[29]  J. Earl,et al.  “In My Opinion…” , 1998 .

[30]  P. Roth,et al.  A Meta-Analytic Review of Predictors of Job Performance for Salespeople , 1998 .

[31]  Jagdip Singh Striking a Balance in Boundary-Spanning Positions: An Investigation of Some Unconventional Influences of Role Stressors and Job Characteristics on Job Outcomes of Salespeople , 1998 .

[32]  Ronald S. Landis,et al.  Future-Oriented Job Analysis: A Description of the Process and Its Organizational Implications , 1998 .

[33]  Kenneth P. Yusko,et al.  THE ROLE OF COGNITIVE ABILITY IN THE SUBGROUP DIFFERENCES AND INCREMENTAL VALIDITY OF ASSESSMENT CENTER EXERCISES , 1998 .

[34]  L. Hough Effects of Intentional Distortion in Personality Measurement and evaluation of Suggested Palliatives , 1998 .

[35]  Michael A. McDaniel,et al.  Validity of Customer Service Measures in Personnel Selection: A Review of Criterion and Construct Evidence , 1998 .

[36]  F. Schmidt,et al.  The validity and utility of selection methods in personnel psychology: Practical and theoretical implications of 85 years of research findings. , 1998 .

[37]  R. Pace,et al.  Competence, efficiency, and organizational learning , 1997 .

[38]  Patrick H. Raymark,et al.  IDENTIFYING POTENTIALLY USEFUL PERSONALITY CONSTRUCTS FOR EMPLOYEE SELECTION , 1997 .

[39]  G. Stewart,et al.  Composition, process, and performance in self-managed groups: the role of personality. , 1997, The Journal of applied psychology.

[40]  J. Hedge,et al.  Personnel selection. , 1997, Annual review of psychology.

[41]  R. Goffin,et al.  Personality testing and the assessment center : Incremental validity for managerial selection , 1996 .

[42]  M. D. Dunnette,et al.  Broadsided by broad traits: How to sink science in five dimensions or less , 1996 .

[43]  Murray R. Barrick,et al.  Effects of impression management and self-deception on the predictive validity of personality constructs. , 1996, The Journal of applied psychology.

[44]  William H. Bommer,et al.  ON THE INTERCHANGEABILITY OF OBJECTIVE AND SUBJECTIVE MEASURES OF EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE: A META-ANALYSIS , 1995 .

[45]  C. Prahalad,et al.  Competing for the Future , 1994 .

[46]  N. Christiansen,et al.  CORRECTING THE 16PF FOR FAKING: EFFECTS ON CRITERION-RELATED VALIDITY AND INDIVIDUAL HIRING DECISIONS , 1994 .

[47]  J. K. Broida Competing for the Future: Breakthrough Strategies for Seizing Control of Your Industry and Creating the Markets of Tomorrow , 1994 .

[48]  Malcolm James Ree,et al.  Predicting job performance: Not much more than g.. , 1994 .

[49]  Barton A. Weitz,et al.  Learning Orientation, Working Smart, and Effective Selling , 1994 .

[50]  F. Schmidt,et al.  Comprehensive meta-analysis of integrity test validities: Findings and implications for personnel selection and theories of job performance. , 1993 .

[51]  Murray R. Barrick,et al.  THE BIG FIVE PERSONALITY DIMENSIONS AND JOB PERFORMANCE: A META-ANALYSIS , 1991 .

[52]  John E. Hunter,et al.  Individual differences in output variability as a function of job complexity. , 1990 .

[53]  John E. Hunter,et al.  Hunter, John E., and Frank L. Schmidt, Methods of Meta-Analysis: Correcting Error and Bias in Research Findings . Newbury Park, CA: Sage, 1990. , 1990 .

[54]  Jeanne Greenberg,et al.  What It Takes to Succeed in Sales: Selecting and Retaining Top Producers , 1990 .

[55]  Paul Busch,et al.  Knowledge bases and salesperson effectiveness: A script-theoretic analysis. , 1989 .

[56]  Ivan T. Robertson,et al.  Personnel selection methods. , 1989 .

[57]  Carole A. Ames,et al.  Achievement Goals in the Classroom: Students' Learning Strategies and Motivation Processes , 1988 .

[58]  J. Bettman,et al.  Knowledge Structure Differences between More Effective and Less Effective Salespeople , 1988 .

[59]  Robert J. Sternberg,et al.  Resolving interpersonal conflicts: An analysis of stylistic consistency. , 1987 .

[60]  Barton A. Weitz,et al.  Knowledge, motivation, and adaptive behavior : a framework for improving selling effectiveness , 1986 .

[61]  Barton A. Weitz,et al.  Knowledge, Motivation, and Adaptive Behavior: A Framework for Improving Selling Effectiveness , 1986 .

[62]  Martin E. P. Seligman,et al.  Explanatory style as a predictor of productivity and quitting among life insurance sales agents. , 1986 .

[63]  C. Carver,et al.  Optimism, coping, and health: assessment and implications of generalized outcome expectancies. , 2009, Health psychology : official journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association.

[64]  Gilbert A. Churchill,et al.  The Determinants of Salesperson Performance: A Meta-Analysis , 1985 .

[65]  Barton A. Weitz Effectiveness in sales interactions: A contingency framework. , 1981 .

[66]  C. Ronalds,et al.  Training the trainee , 1980 .

[67]  W. R. Fraser Training the trainee , 1980 .

[68]  Barton A. Weitz Relationship between Salesperson Performance and Understanding of Customer Decision Making , 1978 .

[69]  Rosann L. Spiro,et al.  Management of a Sales Force , 1978 .

[70]  John E. Hunter,et al.  Development of a general solution to the problem of validity generalization. , 1977 .

[71]  D. Kolb Management and the Learning Process , 1976 .

[72]  J. Belasco,et al.  The Salesman's Role Revisited , 1966 .

[73]  Samuel Forest,et al.  Personnel Selection: Test and Measurement Techniques , 1952 .

[74]  清水 晶,et al.  販売管理 : Sales Management , 1949 .