Subconcussive impacts and imaging findings over a season of contact sports

The effect of repeated subconcussive head impacts in youth and high school sports on the developing brain is poorly understood. Emerging neuroimaging data correlated with biomechanical exposure metrics are beginning to demonstrate relationships across a variety of modalities. The long-term consequences of these changes are unknown. A review of the currently available literature on the effect of subconcussive head impacts on youth and high school-age male football players provides compelling evidence for more focused studies of these effects in these vulnerable populations.

[1]  M StammJulie,et al.  Age at first exposure to football is associated with altered corpus callosum white matter microstructure in former professional football players , 2015 .

[2]  Joseph J Crisco,et al.  Analysis of Real-time Head Accelerations in Collegiate Football Players , 2005, Clinical journal of sport medicine : official journal of the Canadian Academy of Sport Medicine.

[3]  Steven P. Broglio,et al.  High School and Collegiate Football Athlete Concussions: A Biomechanical Review , 2011, Annals of Biomedical Engineering.

[4]  Naoki Yahagi,et al.  Diffusion tensor imaging studies of mild traumatic brain injury: a meta-analysis , 2012, Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry.

[5]  Bharat B. Biswal,et al.  Resting state fMRI: A personal history , 2012, NeuroImage.

[6]  W. Alves,et al.  Neuropsychological functioning and recovery after mild head injury in collegiate athletes. , 1996, Neurosurgery.

[7]  Trey E. Shenk,et al.  Effects of Repetitive Sub-Concussive Brain Injury on the Functional Connectivity of Default Mode Network in High School Football Athletes , 2015, Developmental neuropsychology.

[8]  Jiachen Zhuo,et al.  A longitudinal evaluation of diffusion kurtosis imaging in patients with mild traumatic brain injury , 2015, Brain injury.

[9]  Tong Zhu,et al.  Persistent, Long-term Cerebral White Matter Changes after Sports-Related Repetitive Head Impacts , 2014, PloS one.

[10]  H. Renvall,et al.  Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Blood Oxygenation Level-Dependent Signal and Magnetoencephalography Evoked Responses Yield Different Neural Functionality in Reading , 2011, The Journal of Neuroscience.

[11]  Jason P. Mihalik,et al.  The Relationship Between Subconcussive Impacts and Concussion History on Clinical Measures of Neurologic Function in Collegiate Football Players , 2011, Annals of Biomedical Engineering.

[12]  P. Schatz,et al.  Sensitivity and Specificity of the Online Version of ImPACT in High School and Collegiate Athletes , 2013, The American journal of sports medicine.

[13]  Joel D. Stitzel,et al.  Modeling Brain Injury Response for Rotational Velocities of Varying Directions and Magnitudes , 2012, Annals of Biomedical Engineering.

[14]  Derick R. Peterson,et al.  Diffusion tensor imaging detects clinically important axonal damage after mild traumatic brain injury: a pilot study. , 2007, Journal of neurotrauma.

[15]  J J Crisco,et al.  Solitary sclerosis: Progressive myelopathy from solitary demyelinating lesion , 2012, Neurology.

[16]  H. Genova,et al.  Diffusion tensor imaging of traumatic brain injury review: implications for neurorehabilitation. , 2012, NeuroRehabilitation.

[17]  P. Hof,et al.  Review: Contact sport‐related chronic traumatic encephalopathy in the elderly: clinical expression and structural substrates , 2011, Neuropathology and applied neurobiology.

[18]  M. Raichle Behind the scenes of functional brain imaging: a historical and physiological perspective. , 1998, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[19]  M. Altaye,et al.  Pediatric Sports-Related Concussion Produces Cerebral Blood Flow Alterations , 2012, Pediatrics.

[20]  J. Gilger,et al.  Biomechanical correlates of symptomatic and asymptomatic neurophysiological impairment in high school football. , 2012, Journal of biomechanics.

[21]  Joseph A. Maldjian,et al.  Head Impact Exposure in Youth Football: Elementary School Ages 9–12 Years and the Effect of Practice Structure , 2013, Annals of Biomedical Engineering.

[22]  Stefan M. Duma,et al.  Development of the STAR Evaluation System for Football Helmets: Integrating Player Head Impact Exposure and Risk of Concussion , 2011, Annals of Biomedical Engineering.

[23]  Stefan M. Duma,et al.  Head Impact Exposure in Youth Football , 2012, Annals of Biomedical Engineering.

[24]  J. Sosnoff,et al.  Biomechanical properties of concussions in high school football. , 2010, Medicine and science in sports and exercise.

[25]  P. Maruff,et al.  Cognition in the days following concussion: comparison of symptomatic versus asymptomatic athletes , 2005, Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry.

[26]  Jonathan Z. Simon,et al.  Diffusion kurtosis as an in vivo imaging marker for reactive astrogliosis in traumatic brain injury , 2012, NeuroImage.

[27]  N. Tzourio-Mazoyer,et al.  Automated Anatomical Labeling of Activations in SPM Using a Macroscopic Anatomical Parcellation of the MNI MRI Single-Subject Brain , 2002, NeuroImage.

[28]  Diffusion tensor imaging in the spotlight on concussion. , 2013, World neurosurgery.

[29]  Michael Makdissi,et al.  Consensus statement on Concussion in Sport - The 4th International Conference on Concussion in Sport held in Zurich, November 2012. , 2013, Physical therapy in sport : official journal of the Association of Chartered Physiotherapists in Sports Medicine.

[30]  Stefan M. Duma,et al.  Brain Injury Prediction: Assessing the Combined Probability of Concussion Using Linear and Rotational Head Acceleration , 2013, Annals of Biomedical Engineering.

[31]  Namhee Kim,et al.  Soccer heading is associated with white matter microstructural and cognitive abnormalities. , 2013, Radiology.

[32]  J. Helpern,et al.  Diffusional kurtosis imaging: The quantification of non‐gaussian water diffusion by means of magnetic resonance imaging , 2005, Magnetic resonance in medicine.

[33]  J. Crisco,et al.  Rotational Head Kinematics in Football Impacts: An Injury Risk Function for Concussion , 2011, Annals of Biomedical Engineering.

[34]  AbbasKausar,et al.  Alteration of Default Mode Network in High School Football Athletes Due to Repetitive Subconcussive Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: A Resting-State Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study , 2015 .

[35]  Thomas T. Liu,et al.  An automatic MEG low-frequency source imaging approach for detecting injuries in mild and moderate TBI patients with blast and non-blast causes , 2012, NeuroImage.

[36]  Steven P Broglio,et al.  Cumulative head impact burden in high school football. , 2011, Journal of neurotrauma.

[37]  Steven P Broglio,et al.  Head impacts during high school football: a biomechanical assessment. , 2009, Journal of athletic training.

[38]  M. Lovell,et al.  Sensitivity and specificity of the ImPACT Test Battery for concussion in athletes. , 2006, Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists.

[39]  Donald S. Williams,et al.  Perfusion imaging , 1992, Magnetic resonance in medicine.

[40]  T. Talavage,et al.  Functionally-detected cognitive impairment in high school football players without clinically-diagnosed concussion. , 2014, Journal of neurotrauma.

[41]  D. Rosenbaum,et al.  Abnormal white matter integrity related to head impact exposure in a season of high school varsity football. , 2014, Journal of neurotrauma.

[42]  Joseph J Crisco,et al.  An algorithm for estimating acceleration magnitude and impact location using multiple nonorthogonal single-axis accelerometers. , 2004, Journal of biomechanical engineering.

[43]  Ann C. McKee,et al.  Chronic traumatic encephalopathy: neurodegeneration following repetitive concussive and subconcussive brain trauma , 2012, Brain Imaging and Behavior.

[44]  A. McKee,et al.  Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy in Athletes: Progressive Tauopathy After Repetitive Head Injury , 2009, Journal of neuropathology and experimental neurology.

[45]  James C. Ford,et al.  Effect of head impacts on diffusivity measures in a cohort of collegiate contact sport athletes , 2014, Neurology.

[46]  Joseph T. Gwin,et al.  HEAD IMPACT SEVERITY MEASURES FOR EVALUATING MILD TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY RISK EXPOSURE , 2008, Neurosurgery.

[47]  D. Cohen Magnetoencephalography: Detection of the Brain's Electrical Activity with a Superconducting Magnetometer , 1972, Science.

[48]  J. Crisco,et al.  Frequency and location of head impact exposures in individual collegiate football players. , 2010, Journal of athletic training.

[49]  A. Alexander,et al.  Diffusion tensor imaging of the brain , 2007, Neurotherapeutics.

[50]  Andrew W Kuhn,et al.  Participation in Pre–High School Football and Neurological, Neuroradiological, and Neuropsychological Findings in Later Life , 2016, The American journal of sports medicine.

[51]  Joseph T. Gwin,et al.  IN VIVO STUDY OF HEAD IMPACTS IN FOOTBALL: A COMPARISON OF NATIONAL COLLEGIATE ATHLETIC ASSOCIATION DIVISION I VERSUS HIGH SCHOOL IMPACTS , 2007, Neurosurgery.

[52]  Steven Rowson,et al.  Linear and angular head acceleration measurements in collegiate football. , 2009, Journal of biomechanical engineering.

[53]  G. Winston The physical and biological basis of quantitative parameters derived from diffusion MRI. , 2012, Quantitative imaging in medicine and surgery.

[54]  Steven P. Broglio,et al.  Field-based measures of head impacts in high school football athletes , 2012, Current opinion in pediatrics.

[55]  Derek K. Jones,et al.  A systematic review of diffusion tensor imaging findings in sports-related concussion. , 2012, Journal of neurotrauma.

[56]  Thomas M. Talavage,et al.  Detecting Neurocognitive and Neurophysiological Changes as a Result of Subconcussive Blows Among High School Football Athletes , 2014 .

[57]  S. Bouix,et al.  Neuroimaging in repetitive brain trauma , 2014, Alzheimer's Research & Therapy.

[58]  Elizabeth M Davenport,et al.  Abnormalities in Diffusional Kurtosis Metrics Related to Head Impact Exposure in a Season of High School Varsity Football. , 2016, Journal of neurotrauma.

[59]  Yulin Ge,et al.  Thalamus and cognitive impairment in mild traumatic brain injury: a diffusional kurtosis imaging study. , 2012, Journal of neurotrauma.

[60]  Christine M Baugh,et al.  Age of first exposure to football and later-life cognitive impairment in former NFL players , 2015, Neurology.

[61]  S. Duma,et al.  Investigation of traumatic brain injuries using the next generation of simulated injury monitor (SIMon) finite element head model. , 2008, Stapp car crash journal.

[62]  Thomas W. McAllister,et al.  Head impact accelerations for brain strain-related responses in contact sports: a model-based investigation , 2014, Biomechanics and modeling in mechanobiology.

[63]  Christine M Baugh,et al.  Frequency of head-impact-related outcomes by position in NCAA division I collegiate football players. , 2015, Journal of neurotrauma.

[64]  Bethany J. Wilcox,et al.  Head impact exposure in collegiate football players. , 2011, Journal of biomechanics.

[65]  R. Kikinis,et al.  A review of magnetic resonance imaging and diffusion tensor imaging findings in mild traumatic brain injury , 2012, Brain Imaging and Behavior.

[66]  Joel D Stitzel,et al.  Development and validation of an atlas-based finite element brain model , 2016, Biomechanics and modeling in mechanobiology.

[67]  J. Maldjian,et al.  Head Impact Exposure in Youth Football: High School Ages 14 to 18 Years and Cumulative Impact Analysis , 2013, Annals of Biomedical Engineering.

[68]  Allen K. Sills,et al.  Alterations in default-mode network connectivity may be influenced by cerebrovascular changes within 1 week of sports related concussion in college varsity athletes: a pilot study , 2016, Brain Imaging and Behavior.

[69]  S. Bouix,et al.  Age at First Exposure to Football Is Associated with Altered Corpus Callosum White Matter Microstructure in Former Professional Football Players. , 2015, Journal of neurotrauma.

[70]  Carl-Fredrik Westin,et al.  Processing and visualization for diffusion tensor MRI , 2002, Medical Image Anal..

[71]  J. E. Tanner,et al.  Spin diffusion measurements : spin echoes in the presence of a time-dependent field gradient , 1965 .

[72]  T. Talavage,et al.  Role of subconcussion in repetitive mild traumatic brain injury A review , 2013 .

[73]  Thomas M. Talavage,et al.  Alteration of Default Mode Network in High School Football Athletes Due to Repetitive Subconcussive Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: A Resting-State Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study , 2015, Brain Connect..

[74]  Natasha Lepore,et al.  Neuroimaging changes in the brain in contact versus noncontact sport athletes using diffusion tensor imaging. , 2013, World neurosurgery.