Theory of ignition of solid propellants.

Abstract : Surface ignition of solid propellants has been represented by several analytical models, each involving obvious compromises with regard to scope of applicability. These models are distinguishable primarily in terms of site of the exothermic reaction governing ignition. Early research with nitrocellulose led to development of a theory involving chemical heat generation in the condensed phase. Two subsequent theoretical models were developed to explain ignition of the solid fuel ingredient of a composite propellant in an oxidizing atmosphere, and these two models were then extended on a heuristic basis to encompass a composite propellant in an inert atmosphere in which the oxidizing gas was produced by decomposition of the solid oxidizer. These two models are distinguished by whether the oxidation occurs at the surface or in the gas film above the surface. This report reviews the solid, heterogeneous, and gas-phase ignition theories and reviews the nature and implications of the assumptions involved. It is concluded that, while possessing certain drastic simplifications in common, the various quantitative models differ so conspicuously in their assumptions regarding external initiating stimulus as to make quantitative comparisons or tests of validity impossible.

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