The emergence of West Nile virus in North America: ecology, epidemiology, and surveillance.

[1]  J. Roehrig,et al.  Rapid Detection of West Nile Virus from Human Clinical Specimens, Field-Collected Mosquitoes, and Avian Samples by a TaqMan Reverse Transcriptase-PCR Assay , 2000, Journal of Clinical Microbiology.

[2]  J. Siegel-Itzkovich Twelve die of West Nile virus in Israel , 2000, BMJ : British Medical Journal.

[3]  S. Gottlieb Personalised medicine comes a step closer for asthma , 2000, BMJ : British Medical Journal.

[4]  N. Karabatsos,et al.  Epidemiological features of and public health response to a St. Louis encephalitis epidemic in Florida, 1990–1 , 2000, Epidemiology and Infection.

[5]  A. West,et al.  Recovery and Identification of West Nile Virus from a Hawk in Winter , 2000, Journal of Clinical Microbiology.

[6]  R. Libman,et al.  Guillain–Barré syndrome: An unusual presentation of West Nile virus infection , 2000, Neurology.

[7]  L. Stark,et al.  Frequency of Saint Louis Encephalitis Virus in Humans from Florida, USA: 1990–1999 , 2000, Journal of medical entomology.

[8]  J. Roehrig,et al.  The role of pathology in an investigation of an outbreak of West Nile encephalitis in New York, 1999. , 2000, Emerging infectious diseases.

[9]  T. Briese,et al.  Detection of West Nile virus sequences in cerebrospinal fluid , 2000, The Lancet.

[10]  Denise A. Martin,et al.  Standardization of Immunoglobulin M Capture Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assays for Routine Diagnosis of Arboviral Infections , 2000, Journal of Clinical Microbiology.

[11]  R. Lanciotti,et al.  Pathology of Fatal West Nile Virus Infections in Native and Exotic Birds during the 1999 Outbreak in New York City, New York , 2000, Veterinary pathology.

[12]  Denise A. Martin,et al.  Detection of Anti-Arboviral Immunoglobulin G by Using a Monoclonal Antibody-Based Capture Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , 2000, Journal of Clinical Microbiology.

[13]  C. Ambrosi,et al.  The pathology of human West Nile Virus infection. , 2000, Human pathology.

[14]  T. N. Morozova,et al.  Isolation of two strains of West Nile virus during an outbreak in southern Russia, 1999. , 2000, Emerging infectious diseases.

[15]  M. Turell,et al.  Potential for New York mosquitoes to transmit West Nile virus. , 2000, The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene.

[16]  D. Asnis,et al.  The West Nile Virus outbreak of 1999 in New York: the Flushing Hospital experience. , 2000, Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America.

[17]  R. Lanciotti,et al.  First field evidence for natural vertical transmission of West Nile virus in Culex univittatus complex mosquitoes from Rift Valley province, Kenya. , 2000, The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene.

[18]  S. Ruță,et al.  Continued transmission of West Nile virus to humans in southeastern Romania, 1997-1998. , 2000, The Journal of infectious diseases.

[19]  J. Anderson,et al.  Isolation of West Nile virus from mosquitoes, crows, and a Cooper's hawk in Connecticut. , 1999, Science.

[20]  Michael W. Parker,et al.  Origin of the West Nile virus responsible for an outbreak of encephalitis in the northeastern United States. , 1999, Science.

[21]  A. Rambaut,et al.  Genetic analysis of West Nile New York 1999 encephalitis virus , 1999, The Lancet.

[22]  S. Puksa,et al.  Powassan encephalitis: a case report with neuropathology and literature review. , 1999, CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne.

[23]  T. Briese,et al.  Identification of a Kunjin/West Nile-like flavivirus in brains of patients with New York encephalitis , 1999, The Lancet.

[24]  J. Roehrig,et al.  New Mouse Model for Dengue Virus Vaccine Testing , 1999, Journal of Virology.

[25]  C Cernescu,et al.  West Nile encephalitis epidemic in southeastern Romania , 1998, The Lancet.

[26]  J. Roehrig,et al.  Monoclonal antibody mapping of the envelope glycoprotein of the dengue 2 virus, Jamaica. , 1998, Virology.

[27]  W. Reisen,et al.  Prevalence of antibodies to western equine encephalomyelitis and St. Louis encephalitis viruses in residents of California exposed to sporadic and consistent enzootic transmission. , 1997, The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene.

[28]  Ivo M Foppa,et al.  A new tick-borne encephalitis-like virus infecting New England deer ticks, Ixodes dammini. , 1997, Emerging infectious diseases.

[29]  R. Bailey,et al.  Eastern equine encephalitis (EEE): a description of the 1989 outbreak, recent epidemiologic trends, and the association of rainfall with EEE occurrence. , 1993, The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene.

[30]  N. Karabatsos,et al.  Epidemiologic aspects of a St. Louis encephalitis epidemic in Jefferson County Arkansas, 1991. , 1993, The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene.

[31]  R. Mclean,et al.  Avian hosts of St. Louis encephalitis virus in Pine Bluff, Arkansas, 1991. , 1993, The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene.

[32]  C. G. Moore,et al.  Entomologic investigations of an epidemic of St. Louis encephalitis in Pine Bluff, Arkansas, 1991. , 1993, The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene.

[33]  N. Karabatsos,et al.  St. Louis encephalitis in Arkansas. , 1992, The Journal of the Arkansas Medical Society.

[34]  Gupta Ak,et al.  Two-way cross-protection between West Nile and Japanese encephalitis viruses in bonnet macaques. , 1992 .

[35]  R. Mclean,et al.  WESTERN EQUINE ENCEPHALITIS IN AVIAN POPULATIONS IN NORTH DAKOTA, 1975 , 1989, Journal of wildlife diseases.

[36]  Jackson Ac Leg weakness associated with Powassan virus infection--Ontario. , 1989 .

[37]  T. Tsai,et al.  Surveillance of St. Louis encephalitis virus vectors in Grand Junction, Colorado, in 1987. , 1989, Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association.

[38]  R. Mclean,et al.  Antibody prevalence of St. Louis encephalitis virus in avian hosts in Los Angeles, California, 1986. , 1988, Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association.

[39]  K. Yasui,et al.  Protection of mice against Japanese encephalitis virus by passive administration with monoclonal antibodies. , 1988, Journal of immunology.

[40]  C. D. Morris,et al.  Epizootiology of eastern equine encephalitis virus in upstate New York, USA. VII. Virus surveillance 1978-85, description of 1983 outbreak, and series conclusions. , 1988, Journal of medical entomology.

[41]  M. Ndukwu,et al.  Entomologic studies after a St. Louis encephalitis epidemic in Grand Junction, Colorado. , 1988, American journal of epidemiology.

[42]  J. Roehrig,et al.  Antigenic structure of the Murray Valley encephalitis virus E glycoprotein. , 1988, The Journal of general virology.

[43]  R. Bailey,et al.  Epidemiological aspects of a St. Louis encephalitis outbreak in Harris County, Texas, 1986. , 1988, The Journal of infectious diseases.

[44]  T. Monath,et al.  St. Louis encephalitis: lessons from the last decade. , 1987, The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene.

[45]  R. Bailey,et al.  Epidemiologic aspects of a St. Louis encephalitis outbreak in Mesa County, Colorado. , 1987, American journal of epidemiology.

[46]  J. Roehrig,et al.  Elucidation of the topography and determination of the protective epitopes on the E glycoprotein of Saint Louis encephalitis virus by passive transfer with monoclonal antibodies. , 1984, Journal of immunology.

[47]  R. Mclean,et al.  The house sparrow (Passer domesticus) as a sentinel for St. Louis encephalitis virus. , 1983, The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene.

[48]  J. Roehrig,et al.  Identification of epitopes on the E glycoprotein of Saint Louis encephalitis virus using monoclonal antibodies. , 1983, Virology.

[49]  F. Heinz,et al.  Monoclonal antibodies to the structural glycoprotein of tick-borne encephalitis virus , 1982, Infection and immunity.

[50]  C. D. Morris,et al.  Epizootiology of eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus in upstate New York, USA. IV. Distribution of Culiseta (Diptera: Culicidae) larvae in a fresh water swamp. , 1982, Journal of medical entomology.

[51]  D. Davenport,et al.  Eastern equine encephalitis in Michigan. , 1982, Archives of neurology.

[52]  J. Roehrig,et al.  Monoclonal antibodies against the flavivirus West Nile. , 1982, The Journal of general virology.

[53]  C. D. Morris,et al.  Epizootiology of eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus in upstate New York, USA. III. Population dynamics and vector potential of adult Culiseta morsitans (Diptera: Culicidae). , 1981, Journal of medical entomology.

[54]  B. Wherrett,et al.  Powassan virus meningoencephalitis: a case report. , 1979, Canadian Medical Association journal.

[55]  C. B. Cropp,et al.  Experimental infection of house sparrows (Passer domesticus) with Rocio virus. , 1978, The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene.

[56]  Paulson Gw,et al.  St. Louis encephalitis epidemic in Ohio in 1975. , 1978 .

[57]  W. Bailey,et al.  Epidemiology and control of St. Louis encephalitis in Birmingham, Alabama, 1975. , 1978, American journal of public health.

[58]  T. Monath,et al.  St. Louis encephalitis in Memphis-Shelby County, Tennessee, 1975: epidemiologic aspects of human cases. , 1978 .

[59]  A. Kaplan,et al.  St. Louis encephalitis in children. , 1978, The Western journal of medicine.

[60]  C. Calisher,et al.  Eastern equine encephalitis in Massachusetts, 1957-1976. A prospective study centered upon analyses of mosquitoes. , 1978, American journal of epidemiology.

[61]  D. Trent Antigenic characterization of flavivirus structural proteins separated by isoelectric focusing , 1977, Journal of virology.

[62]  K. Powell,et al.  St Louis encephalitis. The 1975 epidemic in Mississippi. , 1977, JAMA.

[63]  Powell Ke,et al.  St. Louis encephalitis: clinical and epidemiologic aspects, Mississippi, 1974. , 1976 .

[64]  J. Waters An epidemic of Western encephalomyelitis in humans-Manitoba, 1975. , 1976, Canadian journal of public health = Revue canadienne de sante publique.

[65]  S. Stohlman,et al.  Isolation of the dengue virus envelope glycoprotein from membranes of infected cells by concanavalin A affinity chromatography , 1976, Journal of virology.

[66]  K. Powell,et al.  St. Louis encephalitis. , 1975, Lancet.

[67]  B. Lemieux,et al.  A case of Powassan virus encephalitis. , 1974, Canadian Medical Association journal.

[68]  R. Lord,et al.  Assessment of bird involvement in three urban St. Louis encephalitis epidemics. , 1974, American journal of epidemiology.

[69]  W. M. Hammon,et al.  Cross-Protection Between Group B Arboviruses: Resistance in Mice to Japanese B Encephalitis and St. Louis Encephalitis Viruses Induced by Dengue Virus Immunization , 1974, Infection and immunity.

[70]  R. Lord,et al.  Urban St. Louis encephalitis surveillance through wild birds. , 1974, American journal of epidemiology.

[71]  T. Bast,et al.  Powassan virus infection. A report of three human cases of encephalitis. , 1974, American journal of diseases of children.

[72]  R. Lord,et al.  Virological studies of avian hosts in the Houston epidemic of St. Louis encephalitis, 1964. , 1973, The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene.

[73]  A. Lubiniecki,et al.  Passive immunity for arbovirus infection. II. Quantitative aspects of naturally and artificially acquired protection in mice for Japanese (B) encephalitis virus. , 1973, The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene.

[74]  W. Hammon,et al.  Passive immunity for arbovirus infection. I. Artificially induced prophylaxis in man and mouse for Japanese (B) encephalitis. , 1973, The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene.

[75]  W. Hammon,et al.  Protection Against St. Louis Encephalitis and West Nile Arboviruses by Previous Dengue Virus (Types 1-4) Infection 1 2 , 1970, Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine. Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine.

[76]  R. Doll,et al.  The Epidemiology of Cancer , 1980, Cancer.

[77]  D. McLean,et al.  Westward extension of Powassan virus prevalence. , 1968, Canadian Medical Association journal.

[78]  W. Wilson,et al.  Powassan virus: persistence of virus activity during 1966. , 1967, Canadian Medical Association journal.

[79]  W. Hammon,et al.  Effect of previous dengue infection and yellow fever vaccination on St. Louis encephalitis virus serological surveys in Tampa Bay area of Florida. , 1966, American journal of epidemiology.

[80]  H. A. McCordock,et al.  THE PATHOLOGIC CHANGES OF THE ST. LOUIS TYPE OF ACUTE ENCEPHALITIS , 1934 .

[81]  F. Mostashari,et al.  Serosurveys for West Nile virus infection--New York and Connecticut counties, 2000. , 2001, MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report.

[82]  O. V. Platonova,et al.  Outbreak of West Nile virus infection, Volgograd Region, Russia, 1999. , 2001, Emerging infectious diseases.

[83]  Nile Virus Infection Guidelines for Surveillance, Prevention, and Control of West Nile Virus Infection — United States , 2000 .

[84]  J. Roehrig,et al.  West Nile virus in the United States: guidelines for detection, prevention, and control. , 2000, Viral immunology.

[85]  D. Nash From the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Update: West Nile virus encephalitis--New York, 1999. , 1999, JAMA.

[86]  D. Nash Update: West Nile-like viral encephalitis--New York, 1999. , 1999, MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report.

[87]  D. Nash Outbreak of West Nile-Like Viral Encephalitis -- New York, 1999 , 1999 .

[88]  Max Sussman,et al.  Topley and Wilson's Microbiology and Microbial infections , 1998 .

[89]  S. Ruță,et al.  A high number of severe neurologic clinical forms during an epidemic of West Nile virus infection. , 1997, Romanian journal of virology.

[90]  K. Stiasny,et al.  Characterization of monoclonal antibody-escape mutants of tick-borne encephalitis virus with reduced neuroinvasiveness in mice. , 1997, The Journal of general virology.

[91]  C. Calomfirescu,et al.  Clinical manifestations in the West Nile virus outbreak. , 1997, Romanian journal of virology.

[92]  A. Spielman,et al.  The economic burden imposed by a residual case of eastern encephalitis. , 1995, The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene.

[93]  F. Guirakhoo,et al.  The interactions of the flavivirus envelope proteins: implications for virus entry and release. , 1994, Archives of virology. Supplementum.

[94]  C. G. Moore,et al.  Arbovirus surveillance in northern Colorado, 1987 and 1991. , 1993, Journal of medical entomology.

[95]  F. Guirakhoo,et al.  Characterization of antigenic variants of tick-borne encephalitis virus selected with neutralizing monoclonal antibodies. , 1989, The Journal of general virology.

[96]  F. Murphy,et al.  Togaviridae and Flaviviridae , 1987 .

[97]  S. Specter,et al.  Clinical virology manual , 1986 .

[98]  F. Heinz,et al.  Epitope mapping of flavivirus glycoproteins. , 1986, Advances in virus research.

[99]  J. Lashof,et al.  St. Louis encephalitis: the Chicago experience. , 1979, The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene.

[100]  Powell Ke,et al.  Epidemiology of St. Louis encephalitis and other acute encephalitides. , 1978 .

[101]  A. Kaplan,et al.  St Louis encephalitis with particular involvement of the brain stem. , 1978, Archives of neurology.

[102]  M. Bruetman,et al.  St. Louis Encephalitis (SLE) in a middle-class population in Northern Illinois. , 1976, Transactions of the American Neurological Association.

[103]  N. Nathanson,et al.  Eastern equine encephalitis. Distribution of central nervous system lesions in man and Rhesus monkey. , 1969, Journal of comparative pathology.

[104]  C. A. Phillips,et al.  St. Louis encephalitis. A histopathologic study of the fatal cases from the Houston epidemic in 1964. , 1966, Archives of pathology.