Exergy Analysis and Sustainability Assessment of a Solar-Ground Based Heat Pump With Thermal Energy Storage

In this study, both energy and exergy analyses and sustainability assessment of a thermal energy storage system with a solar-ground coupled heat pump installed in a 120 m 2 house are performed. The actual operating data taken from the literature are utilized for model validation. The system considered here mainly consists of a solar collection system, an underground thermal storage system, an indoor air conditioning system, and a data collection system. First, energy analysis is employed to the system and its components, and the rates of energy input (solar radiation), energy storage, collector heat loss, and other heat loss are found to be 4.083 kW, 1.753 kW, 1.29 kW, and 1.04 kW for a 5 h working time, respectively, while the energy efficiency of the system is calculated to be 42.94%. Exergy analysis of the entire system is then conducted for various reference temperatures varying from 0°C to 25°C with a temperature interval of 5°C. As a result of this analysis, the rates of the maximum exergy input, exergy storage, and exergy losses are determined for a reference temperature of 0°C to be 0.585 kW, 0.24 kW, and 0.345 kW, respectively. Finally the maximum exergy efficiency of the system is obtained to be 40.99% and the maximum sustainable development using sustainability index, which is a function of exergy efficiency, is calculated to be 1.6946 for a reference temperature of 0°C. Furthermore, the energy and exergy results are illustrated through Sankey (energy flow) and Grassmann (exergy loss and flow) diagrams.

[1]  Mustafa Ertunc Tat,et al.  A review on exergetic analysis and assessment of various types of engines , 2010 .

[2]  Ibrahim Dincer,et al.  Thermodynamic Analysis of Freezing and Melting Processes in a Bed of Spherical PCM Capsules , 2009 .

[3]  Viorel Badescu,et al.  Renewable energy for passive house heating: II. Model , 2003 .

[4]  Ibrahim Dincer,et al.  Heat transfer analysis of phase change process in a finned-tube thermal energy storage system using artificial neural network , 2007 .

[5]  Bernard Souyri,et al.  Coupling of geothermal heat pumps with thermal solar collectors , 2007 .

[6]  Luisa F. Cabeza,et al.  State of the art on high-temperature thermal energy storage for power generation. Part 2--Case studies , 2010 .

[7]  I. Dincer,et al.  Performance assessment of some ice TES systems , 2009 .

[8]  Jeffrey D. Spitler,et al.  A short time step response factor model for vertical ground loop heat exchangers , 1999 .

[9]  Ibrahim Dincer,et al.  Role of exergy in increasing efficiency and sustainability and reducing environmental impact , 2008 .

[10]  A. Başçeti̇nçeli̇k,et al.  Energy and exergy efficiency of a packed-bed heat storage unit for greenhouse heating , 2003 .

[11]  Jun Zhao,et al.  A case study of underground thermal storage in a solar-ground coupled heat pump system for residential buildings , 2009 .

[12]  Erik Gabrielsson.  Seasonal Storage of Thermal Energy—Swedish Experience , 1988 .

[13]  Ibrahim Dincer,et al.  Heat Transfer and Thermodynamic Analyses of Some Typical Encapsulated Ice Geometries During Discharging Process , 2009 .

[14]  Luisa F. Cabeza,et al.  State of the art on high temperature thermal energy storage for power generation. Part 1—Concepts, materials and modellization , 2010 .

[15]  I. Dincer,et al.  Thermodynamic Performance of Ice Thermal Energy Storage Systems , 2000 .

[16]  Onder Ozgener,et al.  Experimental performance analysis of a solar assisted ground-source heat pump greenhouse heating system , 2005 .

[17]  G. Tsatsaronis.  Definitions and nomenclature in exergy analysis and exergoeconomics , 2007 .

[18]  A. Mawire,et al.  Simulated energy and exergy analyses of the charging of an oil–pebble bed thermal energy storage system for a solar cooker , 2008 .

[19]  Daniel Castro-Fresno,et al.  Review of seasonal heat storage in large basins: Water tanks and gravel–water pits , 2010 .

[20]  Natale Arcuri,et al.  Prototype experimental plant for the interseasonal storage of solar energy for the winter heating of buildings: Description of plant and its functions , 1995 .

[21]  John L. Wright,et al.  Single- and multi-tank energy storage for solar heating systems: fundamentals , 2002 .

[22]  Hua Dong,et al.  Numerical simulation of the performance of a solar-earth source heat pump system , 2006 .

[23]  Ibrahim Dincer,et al.  Numerical heat transfer analysis of encapsulated ice thermal energy storage system with variable heat transfer coefficient in downstream , 2009 .

[24]  Ibrahim Dincer,et al.  Exergoeconomic analysis of glycol cold thermal energy storage systems , 2008 .

[25]  Ibrahim Dincer,et al.  An approach to entropy analysis of a latent heat storage module , 2008 .

[26]  A. Hepbasli,et al.  Performance analysis of a solar-assisted ground-source heat pump system for greenhouse heating: an experimental study , 2005 .

[27]  Mustafa Ertunc Tat,et al.  Performance assessment of an internal combustion engine at varying dead (reference) state temperatures , 2009 .

[28]  Natale Arcuri,et al.  Effect of climatic variability on the performance of solar plants with interseasonal storage , 2000 .

[29]  Recep Yumrutaş,et al.  Analysis of solar aided heat pump systems with seasonal thermal energy storage in surface tanks , 2000 .

[30]  Per Eskilson.  Thermal analysis of heat extraction boreholes , 1987 .

[31]  Ibrahim Dincer,et al.  Thermal modeling of a packed bed thermal energy storage system during charging , 2009 .