Multi-dimensional belief fusion of multi-Gaussian structures

Abstract This paper describes the mathematical formulation of belief fusion of multi-Gaussian probability distribution functions (PDFs) in N-D, as well as the construction of some useful non-Gaussian structures. An emphasis of this work is the development of concise algorithms for constructing and efficiently fusing these non-Gaussian structures in N-space. In order to address decision-making using multi-Gaussian PDFs, an efficient probabilistic decision-making scheme is introduced and validated here. We investigate the trade-off between precision and efficiency in comparison with spatially discretizing fusion methods, concluding that the proposed techniques offer an improvement in both accuracy and efficiency for many contexts requiring non-Gaussian representation of belief. The proposed framework can be implemented in a diverse range of scenarios, potentially with real-time capability, and often without substantial sacrifice in accuracy.

[1]  Thomas A. Mazzuchi,et al.  Comparison of a grid-based filter to a Kalman filter for the state estimation of a maneuvering target , 2011, Optical Engineering + Applications.

[2]  A. Hammouch,et al.  A new approach of classification for non-Gaussian distribution upon competitive training , 2012, 2012 IEEE International Conference on Complex Systems (ICCS).

[3]  James Llinas,et al.  Handbook of Multisensor Data Fusion : Theory and Practice, Second Edition , 2008 .

[4]  G. A. Einicke,et al.  Smoothing, Filtering and Prediction - Estimating The Past, Present and Future , 2012 .

[5]  Neil J. Gordon,et al.  A tutorial on particle filters for online nonlinear/non-Gaussian Bayesian tracking , 2002, IEEE Trans. Signal Process..

[6]  Hyochoong Bang,et al.  Utilizing Out-of-Sequence Measurement for Ambiguous Update in Particle Filtering , 2018, IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems.

[7]  R. E. Kalman,et al.  A New Approach to Linear Filtering and Prediction Problems , 2002 .

[8]  Carmine Clemente,et al.  Micro-doppler-based in-home aided and unaided walking recognition with multiple radar and sonar systems , 2017 .

[9]  Glenn Shafer,et al.  Dempster's rule of combination , 2016, Int. J. Approx. Reason..

[10]  H. Sorenson,et al.  Recursive bayesian estimation using gaussian sums , 1971 .

[11]  Qian Fan,et al.  Multi-source information fusion based fault diagnosis of ground-source heat pump using Bayesian network , 2014 .

[12]  Otman A. Basir,et al.  A Low-Cost Lane-Determination System Using GNSS/IMU Fusion and HMM-Based Multistage Map Matching , 2017, IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems.

[13]  Bangjun Lei,et al.  Classification, Parameter Estimation and State Estimation: An Engineering Approach Using MATLAB, 2nd Edition , 2017 .

[14]  Niclas Bergman,et al.  Recursive Bayesian Estimation : Navigation and Tracking Applications , 1999 .

[15]  Audun Jøsang Cumulative and Averaging Fission of Beliefs , 2010, Inf. Fusion.

[16]  George J. Pappas,et al.  Sensor placement for optimal Kalman filtering: Fundamental limits, submodularity, and algorithms , 2015, 2016 American Control Conference (ACC).

[17]  H. Sorenson,et al.  Nonlinear Bayesian estimation using Gaussian sum approximations , 1972 .

[18]  D. Rubin,et al.  Maximum likelihood from incomplete data via the EM - algorithm plus discussions on the paper , 1977 .

[19]  Juan M. Corchado,et al.  A Survey of Recent Advances in Particle Filters and Remaining Challenges for Multitarget Tracking , 2017, Sensors.

[20]  Larry D. Hostetler,et al.  The estimation of the gradient of a density function, with applications in pattern recognition , 1975, IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory.

[21]  Liang Li,et al.  An innovative information fusion method with adaptive Kalman filter for integrated INS/GPS navigation of autonomous vehicles , 2018 .

[22]  Xuemei Wang,et al.  Robust centralized and weighted measurement fusion Kalman estimators for uncertain multisensor systems with linearly correlated white noises , 2017, Inf. Fusion.

[23]  Tomonari Furukawa,et al.  Bayesian non-field-of-view target estimation incorporating an acoustic sensor , 2013, 2013 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems.

[24]  Kaare Brandt Petersen,et al.  The Matrix Cookbook , 2006 .

[25]  Gaston H. Gonnet,et al.  On the LambertW function , 1996, Adv. Comput. Math..

[26]  Juan M. Corchado,et al.  Partial Consensus and Conservative Fusion of Gaussian Mixtures for Distributed PHD Fusion , 2017, IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems.

[27]  A. Willsky,et al.  On the fixed-interval smoothing problem † , 1981 .

[28]  A. Leon-Garcia,et al.  Probability, statistics, and random processes for electrical engineering , 2008 .