Control of osteoblast function and regulation of bone mass

The skeleton is an efficient 'servo' (feedback-controlled/steady-state) system that continuously integrates signals and responses which sustain its functions of delivering calcium while maintaining strength. In many individuals, bone mass homeostasis starts failing in midlife, leading to bone loss, osteoporosis and debilitating fractures. Recent advances, spearheaded by genetic information, offer the opportunity to stop or reverse this downhill course.

[1]  J. Hopper,et al.  Reduced bone mass in daughters of women with osteoporosis. , 1989, The New England journal of medicine.

[2]  S. Khosla Leptin-central or peripheral to the regulation of bone metabolism? , 2002, Endocrinology.

[3]  L. Lanyon,et al.  Mechanical Strain and Bone Cell Function: A Review , 2002, Osteoporosis International.

[4]  Ivan Lobov,et al.  Cbfa1-independent decrease in osteoblast proliferation, osteopenia, and persistent embryonic eye vascularization in mice deficient in Lrp5, a Wnt coreceptor , 2002, The Journal of cell biology.

[5]  J Mao,et al.  Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-5 binds to Axin and regulates the canonical Wnt signaling pathway. , 2001, Molecular cell.

[6]  D. Galas,et al.  Bone dysplasia sclerosteosis results from loss of the SOST gene product, a novel cystine knot-containing protein. , 2001, American journal of human genetics.

[7]  B. Spiegelman,et al.  Molecular regulation of adipogenesis. , 2000, Annual review of cell and developmental biology.

[8]  O. Hill A Twin Study , 1968, British Journal of Psychiatry.

[9]  L. Mosekilde,et al.  Consequences of the remodelling process for vertebral trabecular bone structure: a scanning electron microscopy study (uncoupling of unloaded structures). , 1990, Bone and mineral.

[10]  R. Baron,et al.  Dissociation between bone resorption and bone formation in osteopenic transgenic mice. , 1998, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[11]  Ari Heinonen,et al.  Good Maintenance of Exercise‐Induced Bone Gain with Decreased Training of Female Tennis and Squash Players: A Prospective 5‐Year Follow‐Up Study of Young and Old Starters and Controls , 2001, Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.

[12]  J. Papkoff,et al.  Activated β-catenin induces osteoblast differentiation of C3H10T1/2 cells and participates in BMP2 mediated signal transduction , 2003 .

[13]  Mark L. Johnson,et al.  High bone density due to a mutation in LDL-receptor-related protein 5. , 2002, The New England journal of medicine.

[14]  M. Caron,et al.  Bone histomorphometric and biomechanical abnormalities in mice homozygous for deletion of the dopamine transporter gene. , 2000, Bone.

[15]  John P. Bilezikian,et al.  Principles of Bone Biology , 1996 .

[16]  G. Thomas,et al.  Hypothalamic Y2 receptors regulate bone formation. , 2002, The Journal of clinical investigation.

[17]  Mark L. Johnson,et al.  A mutation in the LDL receptor-related protein 5 gene results in the autosomal dominant high-bone-mass trait. , 2002, American journal of human genetics.

[18]  Sundeep Khosla,et al.  Sex steroids and the construction and conservation of the adult skeleton. , 2002, Endocrine reviews.

[19]  G. Karsenty,et al.  The osteoblast: a sophisticated fibroblast under central surveillance. , 2000, Science.

[20]  S. Mundlos,et al.  Cbfa1, a Candidate Gene for Cleidocranial Dysplasia Syndrome, Is Essential for Osteoblast Differentiation and Bone Development , 1997, Cell.

[21]  A. Boyde,et al.  High Bone Resorption in Adult Aging Transgenic Mice Overexpressing Cbfa1/Runx2 in Cells of the Osteoblastic Lineage , 2002, Molecular and Cellular Biology.

[22]  C. Abate-Shen,et al.  Roles for Msx and Dlx homeoproteins in vertebrate development. , 2000, Gene.

[23]  William C. Skarnes,et al.  An LDL-receptor-related protein mediates Wnt signalling in mice , 2000, Nature.

[24]  Patricia Ducy,et al.  Leptin Regulates Bone Formation via the Sympathetic Nervous System , 2002, Cell.

[25]  G. Rodan,et al.  Bone mass homeostasis and bisphosphonate action. , 1997, Bone.

[26]  A. Zorn,et al.  Wnt signalling: Antagonistic Dickkopfs , 2001, Current Biology.

[27]  Miikka Vikkula,et al.  LDL Receptor-Related Protein 5 (LRP5) Affects Bone Accrual and Eye Development , 2001, Cell.

[28]  E. Wagner,et al.  Reaching a genetic and molecular understanding of skeletal development. , 2002, Developmental cell.

[29]  G. Karsenty,et al.  A Cbfa1-dependent genetic pathway controls bone formation beyond embryonic development. , 1999, Genes & development.

[30]  A. Jheon,et al.  Characterization of a Novel KRAB/C2H2Zinc Finger Transcription Factor Involved in Bone Development* , 2001, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[31]  M. Heilig,et al.  Diverse functions of neuropeptide Y revealed using genetically modified animals , 2002, Neuropeptides.

[32]  J. Deng,et al.  The Novel Zinc Finger-Containing Transcription Factor Osterix Is Required for Osteoblast Differentiation and Bone Formation , 2002, Cell.

[33]  H. Arnold,et al.  Muscle differentiation: more complexity to the network of myogenic regulators. , 1998, Current opinion in genetics & development.

[34]  T. Martin,et al.  Therapeutic approaches to bone diseases. , 2000, Science.

[35]  N. Kanatani,et al.  Skeletal Malformations Caused by Overexpression of Cbfa1 or Its Dominant Negative Form in Chondrocytes , 2001, The Journal of cell biology.

[36]  S. Ralston Genetic control of susceptibility to osteoporosis. , 2002, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[37]  A. Boskey,et al.  Effects of propranolol on bone metabolism in the rat , 1991, Journal of orthopaedic research : official publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society.

[38]  M Dioszegi,et al.  Increased bone density in sclerosteosis is due to the deficiency of a novel secreted protein (SOST). , 2001, Human molecular genetics.

[39]  H. Frost,et al.  Cybernetic aspects of bone modeling and remodeling, with special reference to osteoporosis and whole‐bone strength , 2001, American journal of human biology : the official journal of the Human Biology Council.

[40]  D. Burr,et al.  A Model for mechanotransduction in bone cells: The load‐bearing mechanosomes , 2003, Journal of cellular biochemistry.

[41]  Jens Bollerslev,et al.  Six novel missense mutations in the LDL receptor-related protein 5 (LRP5) gene in different conditions with an increased bone density. , 2003, American journal of human genetics.

[42]  S. Takeda,et al.  Continuous expression of Cbfa1 in nonhypertrophic chondrocytes uncovers its ability to induce hypertrophic chondrocyte differentiation and partially rescues Cbfa1-deficient mice. , 2001, Genes & development.

[43]  E. Wagner,et al.  Erratum: Increased bone formation and osteosclerosis in mice overexpressing the transcription factor Fra-1 (Nature Medicine (2000) 6 (980-984)) , 2000 .

[44]  Makoto Sato,et al.  Targeted Disruption of Cbfa1 Results in a Complete Lack of Bone Formation owing to Maturational Arrest of Osteoblasts , 1997, Cell.

[45]  B. Riggs,et al.  Leptin reduces ovariectomy-induced bone loss in rats. , 2001, Endocrinology.

[46]  Marie-Christine Chaboissier,et al.  The transcription factor Sox9 has essential roles in successive steps of the chondrocyte differentiation pathway and is required for expression of Sox5 and Sox6. , 2002, Genes & development.

[47]  E. Wagner,et al.  Fos and bone cell development: lessons from a nuclear oncogene. , 1995, Trends in genetics : TIG.

[48]  J. Reginster,et al.  Effect of parathyroid hormone (1-34) on fractures and bone mineral density in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. , 2001, The New England journal of medicine.

[49]  R. Cumming,et al.  Systematic Review of Randomized Trials of the Effect of Exercise on Bone Mass in Pre- and Postmenopausal Women , 2000, Calcified Tissue International.

[50]  Arndt F Schilling,et al.  Leptin Inhibits Bone Formation through a Hypothalamic Relay A Central Control of Bone Mass , 2000, Cell.

[51]  E. Potter,et al.  Role of neuropeptide Y Y2 receptors in modulation of cardiac parasympathetic neurotransmission , 2002, Regulatory Peptides.

[52]  E. Wagner,et al.  Increased bone formation and osteosclerosis in mice overexpressing the transcription factor Fra-1 , 2000, Nature Medicine.

[53]  M. Jensen,et al.  Leptin acts on human marrow stromal cells to enhance differentiation to osteoblasts and to inhibit differentiation to adipocytes. , 1999, Endocrinology.

[54]  N. Kanatani,et al.  Overexpression of Cbfa1 in osteoblasts inhibits osteoblast maturation and causes osteopenia with multiple fractures , 2001, The Journal of cell biology.

[55]  M. Metzker,et al.  Cloning of a novel member of the low-density lipoprotein receptor family. , 1998, Gene.

[56]  T. Fujita,et al.  Core-binding factor β interacts with Runx2 and is required for skeletal development , 2002, Nature Genetics.

[57]  C. Hartmann,et al.  Cbfa1-independent decrease in osteoblast proliferation, osteopenia, and persistent embryonic eye vascularization in mice deficient in Lrp5, a Wnt coreceptor , 2002, The Journal of cell biology.

[58]  G. Stein,et al.  Cbfβ interacts with Runx2 and has a critical role in bone development , 2002, Nature Genetics.

[59]  T. Lufkin,et al.  The Dlx5 and Dlx6 homeobox genes are essential for craniofacial, axial, and appendicular skeletal development. , 2002, Genes & development.

[60]  稲田 正彦 Maturational disturbance of chondrocytes in Cbfa1-deficient mice , 2000 .

[61]  Hongshik Ahn,et al.  Transcriptional Profiling of Bone Regeneration , 2002, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[62]  G. Karsenty,et al.  Osf2/Cbfa1: A Transcriptional Activator of Osteoblast Differentiation , 1997, Cell.

[63]  Christof Niehrs,et al.  Kremen proteins are Dickkopf receptors that regulate Wnt/β-catenin signalling , 2002, Nature.

[64]  W. Van Hul,et al.  Extracellular regulation of BMP signaling in vertebrates: a cocktail of modulators. , 2002, Developmental biology.

[65]  M. Kelz,et al.  Overexpression of ΔFosB transcription factor(s) increases bone formation and inhibits adipogenesis , 2000, Nature Medicine.

[66]  J. Hopper,et al.  Genetic determinants of bone mass in adults. A twin study. , 1987, The Journal of clinical investigation.

[67]  Physiology: Is brain sympathetic to bone? , 2002, Nature.

[68]  R. Schwartzman New treatments for reflex sympathetic dystrophy. , 2000, The New England journal of medicine.