An Active Mobile Charging and Data Collection Scheme for Clustered Sensor Networks

Recent years have witnessed the flourish of new promising technologies to prolong the lifetime of wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Employing mobile vehicles for wireless charging and data collection is able to balance the load of WSNs, and meanwhile, provide a reliable energy replenishment for sustainable network operations. Different from traditional charging scheduling policies where sensor nodes passively wait for the arrival of mobile vehicles, a novel dynamic clustering based mobile-to-cluster (M2C) scheme is proposed to optimize the service process for both sensor nodes and the vehicle in an active way. Requiring only local residual energy information, M2C refreshes the cluster-based network topology to ensure no sensor nodes will run out of energy before getting charged. By estimating the energy consumption of being a cluster head, the sensor nodes with residual energy close to the estimation are actively elected as head nodes. More head nodes with low residual energy will be visited, reducing the travel distance along with higher energy efficiency of charging. Furthermore, the convergence and worst-case performance of M2C are theoretically analyzed. Performance evaluation results show that compared with the state-of-the-art schemes, our design reduces the travel distance and charging latency by about 10% and 50%, respectively.

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