Endoscopic approach to the orbital apex and periorbital skull base

To review cases of endoscopic orbital apex and periorbital skull base surgery and stratify the pathology and lesion location. Variations in surgical technique and the outcomes are reviewed. We report the results of all cases of endoscopic orbital apex surgery over a 40‐month period. Eighteen cases with a variety of pathology, location in the orbital apex, and surgical technique are reviewed.

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